The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Maiden Wind Farm Benton County, Washington Final SEPA Environmental Impact Statement and Final NEPA Environmental Impact Statement | Bonneville Power Administration | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Evaluating Threats in Multinational Marine Ecosystems: A Coast Salish First Nations and Tribal Perspective | Gaydos, J.; Thixton, S.; Donatuto, J. | Journal Article | Chemicals, Collision, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project | ESS Group Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Predator attack rates and anti-predator behavior of side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) at Southern California wind farms, USA | Keehn, J.; Feldman, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Reptiles | |
An approach for evaluating changes in land-use from energy sprawl and other anthropogenic activities with implications for biotic resource management | Wolaver, B.; Pierre, J.; Labay, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Reptiles | |
The Vindication of Don Quixote: The Impact of Noise and Visual Pollution from Wind Turbines | Jensen, C.; Panduro, T.; Lundhede, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm | Agha, M.; Smith, A.; Lovich, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles | |
Report of the Workshop on International Harmonisation of Approaches to Define Underwater Noise Exposure Criteria | Lucke, K.; Winter, E.; Lam, F.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
An Integrated Visual Impact Assessment Model for Offshore Windfarm Development | Depellegrin, D.; Blažauskas, N.; Egarter-Vigl, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Modeling Wildlife Densities and Habitat Use Across Temporal and Spatial Scales on the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf: Annual Report for the First Budget Period | Williams, K. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Birds | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds | Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Avoidance Responses of Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta caretta, to Low Frequency Sound | O'Hara, J.; Wilcox, J. | Journal Article | Noise | Reptiles | ||
Toward an Ecosystem Approach of Marine Renewable Energy: The Case of the Offshore Wind Farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer in the Bay of Seine | Niquil, N.; Raoux, A.; Haraldsson, M.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind turbine audibility and noise annoyance in a national U.S. survey: Individual perception and influencing factors | Haac, T.; Kaliski, K.; Landis, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Hearing in the Giant Sea Turtle, Chelonia mydas | Ridgway, S.; Wever, E.; McCormick, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Reptiles | ||
How loud is the underwater noise from operating offshore wind turbines? | Tougaard, J.; Hermannsen, L.; Madsen, P. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review | Ren, Z.; Verma, A.; Li, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Study | Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Z1: Assessment of Impacts to Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, and ESA-Listed Fish Species | CSA Ocean Sciences Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
What really undermines public acceptance of wind turbines? A choice experiment analysis in Israel | Peri, E.; Becker, N.; Tal, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Sea Turtle Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Gitschlag, G.; Perry, R.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Reptiles | |
Ectoparasite Load Is Reduced in Side-Blotched Lizards (Uta stansburiana) at Wind Farms: Implications for Oxidative Stress | Alaasam, V.; Keehn, J.; Durso, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Reptiles | |
Hearing in the Juvenile Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas): A Comparison of Underwater and Aerial Hearing Using Auditory Evoked Potentials | Piniak, W.; Mann, D.; Harms, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Reptiles | ||
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Public receptiveness of vertical axis wind turbines | Hui, I.; Cain, B.; Dabiri, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model | Roman, P.; Salinas, C.; Araujo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
The impact of visual factors on noise annoyance among people living in the vicinity of wind turbines | Pedersen, E.; Larsman, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site | Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles | |
Spatial analyses of emerging and fading wind energy landscapes in Denmark | Moller, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Changing wind-power landscapes: regional assessment of visual impact on land use and population in Northern Jutland, Denmark | Moller, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Visual preferences for wind turbines: Location, numbers and respondent characteristics | Molnarova, K.; Sklenicka, P.; Stiborek, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
An immersive path-based study of wind turbines' landscape: A French case in Plouguin | Jallouli, J.; Moreau, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey | Tercan, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Managing Impacts of Human-Generated Sound on Marine Life | McPherson, S. | Guidance | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Summary Report: Best Management Practices Workshop for Atlantic Offshore Wind Facilities and Marine Protected Species | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Appendix III-M Supplemental Information for the Assessment of Potential Impacts to Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles During Construction, Operation, and Decommissioning of the Vineyard Wind Project | Pyć, C.; Zeddies, D.; Denes, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Public perspectives on reducing the environmental impact of onshore wind farms: a discrete choice experiment in South Korea | Lee, H.; Yoo, S.; Huh, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind Energy Plants and Possible Effects on Samandağ Sea Turtles | Yalçın-Özdilek, S.; Yalçın, S. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Reptiles | |
Perception of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms in Agricultural Areas of Northeast Brazil | Sobrinho Junior, M.; Hernandez, M.; Amora, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment |
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