The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title Sort descending | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America | ten Brink, T.; Dalton, T.; Livermore, J. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Interdisciplinary analysis of wind energy - a focus on France | Kinani, K.; Meunier, S.; Vido, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part II: Harbour porpoises | Diederichs,A.; Hennig, V.; Nehls, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Joint Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies Position Statement: ORJIP Project 4, Stage 1 of Phase 2 | Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies (SNCB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Attraction | Marine Mammals | |
Lake Erie Monitoring Plan for the Offshore Wind Project: Icebreaker Wind | LimnoTech | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps | Vignali, S.; Braunisch, V.; Arlettaz, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Literature Review on Barrier Effects, Ghost Fishing, and Electromagnetic Fields for Floating Windfarms | Williamson, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, EMF, Entanglement | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) | Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Southern New England with Emphasis on Large Whales: Final Report Campaign 7, 2022 | O'Brien, O.; McKenna, K.; Hsu, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development: guidelines for project developers | Bennun, L.; van Bochove, J.; Ng, C.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach | Serpetti, N.; Benjamins, S.; Brain, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Moray East Construction Survey Summary Report | Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Moray Firth River Conon Missing Salmon Project | Cromarty Firth Fishery Board; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Moray Firth River Deveron Missing Salmon Project | The Deveron, Bogie and Isla Rivers Charitable Trust; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Moray Firth River Findhorn Missing Salmon Project | Findhorn, Nairn, and Lossie Fisheries Trust; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Moray Firth River Ness Missing Salmon Project | Ness District Salmon Fishery Board; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Moray Firth River Oykel Missing Salmon Project | Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Moray Firth River Shin Missing Salmon Project | Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Moray Firth River Spey Missing Salmon Project | Spey Fishery Board; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Scale Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Structure in a Tidal System | Raoux, A.; Robin, I.; Pezy, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure | Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) Ignore Ships but Respond to Alerting Stimuli | Nowacek, D.; Johnson, M.; Tyack, P. | Journal Article | Noise, Collision, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Offshore construction using gravity-base foundations indicates no long-term impacts on dolphins and harbour porpoise | Potlock, K.; Temple, A.; Berggren, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Offshore wind energy ecological programme (Wozep) Monitoring and research programme 2017-2021 | WOZEP project team | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Offshore wind farms affect the spatial distribution pattern of plaice Pleuronectes platessa at both the turbine and wind farm scale | Buyse, J.; Hostens, K.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish | |
Offshore wind farms and the attraction-production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses | Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Vanaverbeke, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Offshore Wind Farms as Productive Sites or Ecological Traps for Gadoid Fishes? - Impact on Growth, Condition Index and Diet Composition | Reubens, J.; Vandendriessche, S.; Zenner, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Attraction | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Offshore wind farms contribute to epibenthic biodiversity in the North Sea | ter Hofstede, R.; Driessen, F.; Elzinga, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation | Hammar, L.; Perry, D.; Gullström, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth | Schutter, M.; Dorenbosch, M.; Driessen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Semiannual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Patterns of migrating soaring migrants indicate attraction to marine wind farms | Skov, H.; Desholm, M.; Heinänen, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Persistence and spatial distribution of Black Grouse in east Alpine wind farms: a contribution to the "wind power versus black grouse protection" debate in Austria | Brunner, H.; Friedel, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Post-construction Avian and Bat Fatality Monitoring and Grassland Bird Displacement Surveys at the Judith Gap Wind Energy Project, Wheatland County, Montana | TRC Environmental Corporation | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Pre-Construction Avian and Bat Survey Report | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 2nd Quarter | Verhamme, E.; Daley, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 3rd Quarter | Verhamme, E.; Daley, J.; Cutrell, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Re-Established Stony Reef Attracts Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena | Mikkelsen, L.; Mouritsen, K.; Dahl, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction | Marine Mammals | ||
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report | Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Recovery of raptors from displacement by wind farms – a response | Santos, C.; Marques, A.; May, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors |
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