Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
An investigation into the potential for wind turbines to cause barotrauma in bats Lawson, M.; Jenne, D.; Thresher, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Estimating bat fatality at a Texas wind energy facility: implications transcending the United States–Mexico border Weaver, S.; Jones, A.; Hein, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Ultrasonic acoustic deterrents significantly reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines Weaver, S.; Hein, C.; Simpson, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Local trends in abundance of migratory bats across 20 years Green, D.; McGuire, L.; Vanderwel, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment
AWWI Technical Report: 2nd Edition: Summary of Bat Fatality Monitoring Data Contained in AWWIC Allison, T.; Butryn, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The human dimensions of a green–green-dilemma:​ Lessons learned from the wind energy — wildlife conflict in Germany Straka, T.; Fritze, M.; Voigt, C. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
SEER Factsheet SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol Maurer, J.; Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Transcontinental 2200 km migration of a Nathusius’ pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii) across Europe Alcalde, J.; Jiménez, M.; Brila, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
AWWI Technical Report: Are Bat Activity and Mortality Best Predicted by Weather Measured On-Site or at Off-Site Regional Airports? Good, R.; Iskali, G.; Clark, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers del Valle, J.; Peralta, F.; Arjona, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Stakeholder Workshop: Scientific Research Framework to Understand the Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats in the Eastern United States New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Evidenzbasierter Fledermausschutz in Windkraftvorhaben Voigt, C. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
An evaluation of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines in the Northeastern United States Choi, D.; Wittig, T.; Kluever, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Testing and Evaluation of "SafeWind" A Bird Protection System Soni, B.; Loske, K.; Lackmann, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Dogs detect larger wind energy effects on bats and birds Smallwood, K.; Bell, D.; Standish, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2020 Update) American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Impact of wind energy development on birds and bats: the case of Adama wind farm, Central Ethiopia Tesfahunegny, W.; Datiko, D.; Wale, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Experimental investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of bat carcasses after collision with a wind turbine Prakash, S.; Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Genetic Approaches Are Necessary to Accurately Understand Bat-Wind Turbine Impacts Chipps, A.; Hale, A.; Weaver, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Bat Activity Rates do not Predict Bat Fatality Rates at Wind Energy Facilities Solick, D.; Pham, D.; Nasman, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wildlife and infrastructure: impact of wind turbines on bats in the Black Sea coast region Mantoui, D.; Kravchenko, K.; Lehnert, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Landscape Factors Associated with Fatalities of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats at Wind Energy Facilities: An Initial Assessment Peters, K.; Evans, I.; Traiger, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
South African Bat Fatality Threshold Guidelines: Edition 3 MacEwan, K.; Aronson, J.; Richardson, K.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting Bats, Birds
Amherst Island Wind Project 2019 Post - Construction Mortality Monitoring Report Natural Resource Solutions Inc. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
National wind wildlife research plan, 2020-2023 American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Population-Level Risk to Hoary Bats Amid Continued Wind Energy Development: Assessing Fatality Reduction Targets Under Broad Uncertainty Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post -Construction Monitoring Studies for the Headwaters Wind Farm Randolph County, Indiana Rodriguez, M.; Tredennick, A.; DuBridge, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Applying AI-Based Solutions to Avoid Bird Collisions at Wind Parks Salkanovic, E.; Enevoldsen, P.; Xydis, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
The management utility of large-scale environmental drivers of bat mortality at wind energy facilities: The effects of facility size, elevation and geographic location MacGregor, K.; Lemaître, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Assessing population‐level consequences of anthropogenic stressors for terrestrial wildlife Katzner, T.; Braham, M.; Conkling, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Learning from Real-World Experience to Understand Renewable Energy Impacts to Wildlife Conkling, T.; Vander Zanden, H.; Poessel, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
USA Wind Energy-Caused Bat Fatalities Increase with Shorter Fatality Search Intervals Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Assessing fatality risk of bats at offshore wind turbines Lagerveld, S.; Noort, C.; Meesters, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Economic Analysis of the North Atlantic Right Whale Vessel Speed Restriction Rule Industrial Economics Inc Report Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent in Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities - Final Technical Report Schirmacher, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Effects of Wind Turbine Curtailment on Bird and Bat Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Relating Bat Passage Rates to Wind Turbine Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings Gulka, J.; Williams, K. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Comparing acoustic and radar deterrence methods as mitigation measures to reduce human-bat impacts and conservation conflicts Gilmour, L. ; Holderied, M. ; Pickering , S. ; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats
Estimates of aerial vertebrate mortality at wind farms in a bird migration corridor and bat diversity hotspot Cabrera-Cruz, S.; Cervantes-Pasqualli, J.; Franquesa-Soler, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind energy development and wildlife conservation in Lithuania: A mapping tool for conflict assessment Morkune, R.; Marčiukaitis, M.; Jurkin, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds
Long-term Acoustic Assessment of Bats at Spion Kop Reservoir, Montana for 2015-2017 Bachen, D.; Burkholder, B.; Maxell, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats
European free–tailed bat fatalities at wind farms in southern Spain Muñoz, A.; Farfan, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats

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