Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Experience report on operational noise: Cross-project evaluation and assessment of underwater noise measurements from the operational phase of offshore wind farms Bellmann, M.; Müller, T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Forest bat activity declines with increasing wind speed in proximity of operating wind turbines Ellerbrok, J.; Farwig, N.; Peter, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Noise Bats
Erfahrungsbericht Betriebsschall: Projektübergreifende Auswertung und Bewertung der Unterwasserschallmessungen aus der Betriebsphase von Offshore-Windparks Bellmann, M.; Müller, T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Evaluating the Benefits of Noise Reduction Mitigation: The ECHO Program Malinka, C.; Tollit, D.; Trounce, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Response of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) to different types of acoustic harassment devices and subsequent piling during the construction of offshore wind farms Voß, J.; Rose, A.; Kosarev, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Understanding subjective and situational factors of wind turbine noise annoyance Müller, F.; Leschinger, V.; Hübner, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Implications of wind and vessel noise on the sound fields experienced by southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca in the Salish Sea Burnham, R.; Vagle, S.; Thupaki, P.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
OSPAR inventory of measures to mitigate the emission and environmental impact of underwater noise Merck, T.; Werner, S.; Koschinski, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
A field comparison of marine mammal detections via visual, acoustic, and infrared (IR) imaging methods offshore Atlantic Canada Smith, H.; Zitterbart, D.; Norris, T.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Preliminary Results: Exploring Why Some Families Living in Proximity to Wind Turbine Facilities Contemplate Vacating Their Homes—A Community-Based Study Krogh, C.; McMurtry, R.; Dumbrille, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Effects of multiple exposures to pile driving noise on harbor porpoise hearing during simulated flights—An evaluation tool Schaffeld, T.; Schnitzler, J.; Ruser, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Towards energy landscapes – “Pathfinder for sustainable wind power locations” Eichhorn, M.; Tafarte, P.; Thran, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound Menze, S.; Zitterbart, D.; Opzeeland, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Like the Din in a University Canteen The Underwater Operating Noise and its Effects on Porpoises and Friend Benesch, M.; Radecke, H. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Soundscape characterization in a dynamic acoustic environment: Grand Passage, Nova Scotia, a planned in-stream tidal energy site Lombardi, A.; Hay, A.; Barclay, D. Conference Paper Noise
Mitigation Measures for Wildlife in Wind Energy Development, Consolidating the State of Knowledge — Part 2: Operation, Decommissioning Gartman, V.; Bulling, L.; Dahmen, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds
Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbour Porpoise Abundance in the German Bight: Assessment of Noise Effects Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Evaluating Threats in Multinational Marine Ecosystems: A Coast Salish First Nations and Tribal Perspective Gaydos, J.; Thixton, S.; Donatuto, J. Journal Article Chemicals, Collision, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Impacts of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Life: Publication Patterns, New Discoveries, and Future Directions in Research and Management Williams, R.; Wright, A.; Ashe, E.; et al. Journal Article Noise Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Noise Impact - Wind Farms in Quebec Meunier, M.; Savard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
A GIS-Multicriteria Approach to Analyzing Noise and Visual Impacts of Wind Farms Fang, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions
Hydro Sound Measurements during the Installation of Large Diameter Offshore Piles using Combinations of Independent Noise Mitigation Systems Burns, B.; Stein, P.; Kuhn, C.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Dynamic Measurements of Pile Deflections as a Source of Underwater Sound Emissions during Impact Driving of Offshore Pile Foundations Kuhn, C.; Sychla, H.; Stein, P.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Marine Mammals and Ocean Noise: Future Directions and Information Needs with Respect to Science, Policy and Law in Canada Williams, R.; Ashe, E.; Blight, L.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats Ford, J.; Nichol, L. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Long-Term, Global-Scale Statistics of Sound Propagation Cheinet, S. Journal Article Noise Physical Environment
Noise mitigation systems and low-noise installation technologies Verfuß, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater construction and operational noise at alpha ventus Betke, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Marine mammals and windfarms: Effects of alpha ventus on harbour porpoises Dähne, M.; Peschko, V.; Gilles, A.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Final Report: Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Digby Neck Wind Farm Craig, C.; Kearney, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds
Effects of Pile-Driving on Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the First Offshore Wind Farm in Germany Dähne, M.; Gilles, A.; Lucke, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Development of Noise Mitigation Measures in Offshore Wind Farm Construction Koschinski, S.; Lüdemann, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving on a Temporal and Spatial Scale Braasch, A.; Joost, M.; Ketzer, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Is a German Harbour Porpoise Much More Sensitive than a British One? Comparative Analyses of Mandatory Measures for the Protection of Harbour Porposes (Phocoena phocoena) During Offshore Wind Farm Ramming in Germany, Denmark and the UK Luedeke, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Averaging Underwater Noise Levels for Environmental Assessment of Shipping Merchant, N.; Blondel, P.; Dakin, D.; et al. Journal Article Noise
Development of a New Underwater Piling Noise Mitigation System - Using Hydro Sound Dampers (HSD) Kuhn, C.; Bruns, B.; Fischer, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Operational Noise: Measurement of the operational underwater noise emission of wind turbines at the Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm Radecke, H. ; Benesch, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
ESRa - Evaluation of Systems for Ramming Noise Mitigation at an Offshore Test Pile Wilke, F.; Kloske, K.; Bellmann, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Noise Mitigation Measures and Low-noise Foundation Concepts - State of the Art Verfuß, T. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Brandt, M.; Diederichs, A.; Betke, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Research into the noise reduction measure "Little Bubble Curtain" in the Alpha Ventus Test Field Raimund, R.; Rustemeier, J.; Grießmann, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Offshore Wind Farms Measuring Instruction for Underwater Sound Monitoring Müller, A.; Zerbs, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
The Potential Health Impact of Wind Turbines Chief Medical Officer of Heath of Ontario Report Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Exposure to Seismic Survey Alters Blue Whale Acoustic Communication Di Iorio, L.; Clark, C. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
An Investigation of the Wind Induced Background Sound Levels in Rural Areas for Existing and Proposed Wind Farms Bonsma, I.; Munro, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Seasonal Distribution Of Harbour Porpoises And Possible Interference Of Offshore Wind Farms In The German North Sea Gilles, A.; Scheidat, M.; Siebert, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals

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