The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland | Fielding, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Final Report for the study period 2020-2021 | Tjørnløv, R.; Skov, H.; Armitage, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps | Vignali, S.; Braunisch, V.; Arlettaz, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Keep it local and bird-friendly: Exploring the social acceptance of wind energy in Switzerland, Estonia, and Ukraine | Vuichard, P.; Broughel, A.; Wüstenhagen, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
A Predictive Flight-Altitude Model for Avoiding Future Conflicts Between an Emblematic Raptor and Wind Energy Development in the Swiss Alps | Vignali, S.; Lörcher, F.; Hegglin, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report | Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Hywind Scotland Ornithological Monitoring Programme: Overwintering distributions of common guillemot and razorbill populations in Eastern Scotland | Bogdanova, M.; Buckingham, L.; Newell, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds | |
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model | Masden, E.; Cook, A.; McCluskie, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Annual report for April 2020 – October 2020 | Tjørnløv, R.; Skov, H.; Armitage, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin | Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences | Lane, J.; Jeavons, R.; Deakin, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site | Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles | |
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species | Benjamins, S.; Masden, E.; Collu, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Seabird Population Trends and Causes of Change: 1986-2018 Report | Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) | Report | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | ||
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Programme | Ørsted | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms | Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Complex behaviour in complex terrain - Modelling bird migration in a high resolution wind field across mountainous terrain to simulate observed patterns | Aurbach, A.; Schmid, B.; Liechti, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Passerines | |
Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar | Aschwanden, J.; Stark, H.; Peter, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Passerines, Birds | |
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model | Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Joint SNCB Interim Displacement Advice Note | Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC); Natural England | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Bird Migration Intensity and Number of Collision Victims at the Wind Power Plant Le Peuchapatte (Switzerland) | Aschwanden, J.; Liechti, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Beatrice Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Consultation Version) | Repsol; Genesis Oil and Gas Consultants Ltd | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking | Furness, R.; Trinder, M.; MacArthur, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision | Birds | |
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms | Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz | Muller, J.; Warnke, M.; Reichenbach, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Bats | |
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty | Masden, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds | |
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Environmental Statement Non Technical Summary | Statoil | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation, Visual Impacts | |
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Seabirds and Marine Mammals Technical Report | Xodus Group; Natural Research Ltd | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites | Minderman, J.; Fuentes-Montemayor, E.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note | Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Final Environmental Assessment | Horton, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Assessing Northern Gannet Avoidance of Offshore Windfarms | Rehfisch, M.; Barrett, Z.; Brown, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Upland Land use Predicts Population Decline in a Globally Near-Threatened Wader | Douglas, D.; Bellamy, P.; Stephen, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Modelling Flight Heights of Marine Birds to More Accurately Assess Collision Risk with Offshore Wind Turbines | Johnston, A.; Cook, A.; Wright, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Quantifying the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Gannet Populations: A Strategic Ringing Project | Furness, R.; Wanless, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project Phase 1 Intertidal Survey Report | Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment | |
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project EIA Scoping Report Statoil Wind Limited (SWL) | Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation | |
Assessing Vulnerability of Marine Bird Populations to Offshore Wind Farms | Furness, R.; Wade, H.; Masden, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment | Dong Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Individual Consistency in the Foraging Behaviour of Northern Gannets: Implications for Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Developments | Soanes, L.; Atkinson, P.; Gauvain, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms | Marine Scotland Science; Scottish Government; UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC); et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints | Bullman, R.; Shaylon, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds |
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