The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Guardians of the seabed: Nature-inclusive design of scour protection in offshore wind farms enhances benthic diversity | Kingma, E.; ter Hofstede, R.; Kardinaal, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Drivers of flight altitude during nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and implications for offshore wind energy | Bradaric, M.; Kranstauber, B.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Acoustic monitoring reveals spatiotemporal occurrence of Nathusius’ pipistrelle at the southern North Sea during autumn migration | Lagerveld, S.; Wilkes, T.; van Puijenbroek, M.; et al. | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Bats | ||
Are offshore wind farms in the Netherlands a potential threat for coastal populations of noctule? | Lagerveld, S.; Mostert, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats | ||
Eco-friendly reef restoration pilots in offshore wind farms | Bos, O.; Kamermans, P.; Tonk, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions | ||
The effect of artificial reef design on the attraction of herbivorous fish and on coral recruitment, survival, and growth | Hylkema, A.; Debrot, A.; Cammenga, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | ||
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development | Cervantes, F.; Murgatroyd, M.; Allan, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa | Docrat, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy | |
Offshore and coastline migration of radio-tagged Nathusius' pipistrelles | Bach, P.; Voigt, C.; Göttsche, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Generalized changes of benthic communities after construction of wind farms in the southern North Sea | Coolen, J.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Dannheim, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Offshore wind farms contribute to epibenthic biodiversity in the North Sea | ter Hofstede, R.; Driessen, F.; Elzinga, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Current state of knowledge of wind energy impacts on bats in South Africa | Aronson, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Suitability for the development of flat oyster populations in new offshore wind farm zones and two search areas for restoration projects in the Dutch section of the North Sea | Duren, L.; Kamermans, P.; Kleissen, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects | Pian, A.; Verhoef, J.; De Vries, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Evidence of Nocturnal Migration over Sea and Sex-Specific Migration Distance of Dutch Black-Headed Gulls | Fijn, R.; Govers, L.; Lutterop, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species | Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
On the radar: Weather, bird migration and aeroconservation over the North Sea | Bradaric, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Optimizing Shellfish Aquaculture for Multi-Use Spaces Within Offshore Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea | Paulson, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Offshore Occurrence of a Migratory Bat, Pipistrellus nathusii, Depends on Seasonality and Weather Conditions | Lagerveld, S.; Poerink, B.; Geelhoed, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats | ||
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines | McClure, C.; Dunn, L.; McCabe, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Vibrational noise from wind energy-turbines negatively impacts earthworm abundance | Velilla, E.; Collinson, E.; Bellato, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Temporal Patterns in Offshore Bird Abundance During the Breeding Season at the Dutch North Sea Coast | van Erp, J.; Loon, E.; Camphuysen, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor | Murgatroyd, M.; Bouten, W.; Amar, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Estimating bird flight height using 3-D photogrammetry | Prinsloo, N.; Postma, M.; Ryan, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds | |
Fish assemblages of three common artificial reef designs during early colonization | Hylkema, A.; Debrot, A.; Osinga, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | ||
On a collision course? The large diversity of birds killed by wind turbines in South Africa | Perold, V.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Ryan, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Simmons, R.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Colyn, R.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
South African Bat Fatality Threshold Guidelines: Edition 3 | MacEwan, K.; Aronson, J.; Richardson, K.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure | Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements | Becker, F.; Millikin, R.; Leslie, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Marine stepping‐stones: Connectivity of Mytilus edulis populations between offshore energy installations | Coolen, J.; Boon, A.; Crooijmans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Options for biodiversity enhancement in offshore wind farms | Bureau Waardenburg bv | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions | |
Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth | Schutter, M.; Dorenbosch, M.; Driessen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Ecology of the brown crab (Cancer pagurus) and production potential for passive fisheries in Dutch offshore windfarms | Tonk, L.; Rozemeijer, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates | ||
Bats at the southern North Sea in 2017 & 2018 | Lagerveld, S.; van der Wal, J.; de Vries, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats | ||
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Tulp, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Effects of turbine collision mortality on population dynamics of 13 bird species | Potiek, A.; Collier, M.; Schekkerman, H.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Low genetic connectivity in a fouling amphipod among man-made structures in the southern North Sea | Luttikhuizen, P.; Beermann, J.; Crooijmans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Upscaling positive effects of scour protection in offshore wind farms | Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; van der Have, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Offshore Wind Farms as Potential Locations for Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis) Restoration in the Dutch North Sea | Kamermans, P.; Walles, B.; Kraan, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines: a research plan for five selected species | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Leopold, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Pilot field study: observations from a fixed platform on occurrence and behaviour of common guillemots and other seabirds in offshore wind farm Luchterduinen | Mardik, F.; Leopold, M.; Verdaat, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Benthic biodiversity on old platforms, young wind farms, and rocky reefs | Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Pfeiffer, M.; Ralston-Paton, S. | Guidance | Wind Energy | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa | Jenkins, A.; Reid, T.; du Plessis, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Birds | |
Spatial and temporal occurrence of bats in the southern North Sea area | Lagerveld, S.; Gerla, D.; van der Wal, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats | ||
Seabirds? What seabirds? An exploratory study into the origin of seabirds visiting the SE North Sea and their survival bottlenecks | Leopold, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Birds | ||
Bat Flight Analysis around Wind Turbines - A Feasibility Study | Lagerveld, S.; Kooistra, G.; Otten, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats | ||
Bat 1: Estimate of bat populations at the southern North Sea - Supporting note to ZDV report no. 2016.031 Migrating bats at the southern North Sea | Lagerveld, S.; Limpens, H.; Schillemans, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Migrating bats at the southern North Sea: Approach to an estimation of migration populations of bats at the southern North Sea | Limpens, H.; Lagerveld, S.; Ahlén, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats |
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