The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast | Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States | Williams, K.; Gulka, J.; Cook, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents | Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Whose Expertise and Whose Knowledge Matter? Influencing Wind Power Decisions in Norway | Bonvik-Stone, D.; Lykke, K.V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | ||
Autonomous thermal tracking reveals spatiotemporal patterns of seabird activity relevant to interactions with floating offshore wind facilities | Schneider, S.; Kramer, S.; Bernstein, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation | Voigt, C.; Bernard, E.; Huang, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats | |
Using juvenile movements as a proxy for adult habitat and space use in long-lived territorial species: a case study on the golden eagle | Hemery, A.; Duriez, O.; Itty, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Drivers of flight altitude during nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and implications for offshore wind energy | Bradaric, M.; Kranstauber, B.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
A three-dimensional model of terrain-induced updrafts for movement ecology studies | Thedin, R.; Brandes, D.; Quon, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow | Bats, Birds | |
Mapping seabird vulnerability to offshore wind farms in Norwegian waters | Fauchald, P.; Ollus, V.; Ballesteros, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Prioritizing landscapes for mitigating the impacts of onshore wind farms on multidimensional waterbird diversity in the Yellow Sea | Zhao, S.; Xu, H.; Wang, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds, Shorebirds | ||
A standardized protocol for assessing the performance of automatic detection systems used in onshore wind power plants to reduce avian mortality | Ballester, C.; Dupont, S.; Corbeau, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Watson, S.; Somerfield, P.; Lemasson, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Wind energy development can lead to guild-specific habitat loss in boreal forest bats | McKay, R.; Johns, S.; Bischof, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats | |
Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades | Weiser, E.; Overton, C.; Douglas, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Using remote-sensing data to study the rapid growth of wind farms and their impact on bird habitat in Yellow Sea Wetland, China | Zheng, Y.; Wu, J.; Sheviakina, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Human–wildlife conflicts in the aerial habitat: Wind farms are just the beginning | Werber, Y. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Bats | ||
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis | Husby, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
Does size matter? Investigation of the effect of wind turbine size on bird and bat mortality | Garvin, J.; Simonis, J.; Taylor, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Geographic source of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the eastern United States | Wieringa, J.; Nagel, J.; Campbell, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? | Peschko, V.; Schwemmer, H.; Mercker, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Assessing areas suitable for offshore wind energy considering potential risk to breeding seabirds in northern Japan | Obane, H.; Kazama, K.; Hashimoto, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review | Ze, J.; Xiuchun, Y.; Ang, C. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
A multisensory approach to understanding bat responses to wind energy developments | Jonasson, K.; Adams, A.; Brokaw, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
Experimental trials of species-specific bat flight responses to an ultrasonic deterrent | Fritts, S.; Guest, E.; Weaver, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats | |
Forest bat activity declines with increasing wind speed in proximity of operating wind turbines | Ellerbrok, J.; Farwig, N.; Peter, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Bats | |
Seabird species vary in behavioural response to drone census | Brisson-Curadeau, E.; Bird, D.; Burke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Bird collision with power lines: estimating carcass persistence and detection associated with ground search surveys | Borner, L.; Duriez, O.; Besnard, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | ||
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Do birds in flight respond to (ultra)violet lighting? | May, R.; Åström, J.; Hamre, Ø.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Do American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) Avoid Wind-energy Turbines in Agricultural Fields in Indiana During Spring Migration? | Homoya, W.; Moore, J.; Ruhl, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Shorebirds, Birds | |
Bird Detection and Species Classification with Time-Lapse Images around a Wind Farm: Dataset Construction and Evaluation | Yoshihashi, R.; Kawakami, R.; Iida, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Birds | ||
When tourists meet transmission lines: The effects of electric transmission lines on tourism in Iceland | Stefánsson, P.; Sæþórsdóttir, A.; Hall, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Visual Impacts, Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions | ||
Composition and activity of arthropodivorous bat community in wind farms in the Mexican Tropics | Garcia-Luis, M.; Briones-Salas, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor | Peron, G.; Fleming, C.; Duriez, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Bats probe the aerosphere during landscape-guided altitudinal flights | Voigt, C.; Roeleke, M.; Bumrungsri, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
Increasing Evidence that Bats Actively Forage at Wind Turbines | Hale, A.; Bennett, V.; Korstian, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm | Mclean, N.; Grellier, K.; Vallejo, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds | ||
Bat flight height monitored from wind masts predicts mortality risk at wind farms | Roemer, C.; Disca, T.; Coulon, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Attraction | Bats | |
Factors Associated with Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in the United States | Thompson, M.; Beston, J.; Etterson, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats | ||
Applying citizen-science data and mark–recapture models to estimate numbers of migrant Golden Eagles in an Important Bird Area in eastern North America | Dennhardt, A.; Duerr, A.; Brandes, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Raptors, Birds | |||
When the Excrement Hits the Fan: Fecal Surveys Reveal Species-Specific Bat Activity at Wind Turbines | Bennett, V.; Hale, A.; Williams, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats | |
Large-scale citizen science improves assessment of risk posed by wind farms to bats in southern Scotland | Newson, S.; Evans, H.; Gillings, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats | |
Scavenger removal of bird carcasses at simulated wind turbines: Does carcass type matter? | DeVault, T.; Seamans, T.; Linnell, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds |
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