The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea | Van Maele, T.; Desplenter, N.; Van Aken, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
EDEN 2000: Exploring Options For A Nature-Proof Development of Offshore Wind Farms Inside A Natura 2000 Area | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Vanaverbeke, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Maiden Wind Farm Benton County, Washington Final SEPA Environmental Impact Statement and Final NEPA Environmental Impact Statement | Bonneville Power Administration | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Evaluating Threats in Multinational Marine Ecosystems: A Coast Salish First Nations and Tribal Perspective | Gaydos, J.; Thixton, S.; Donatuto, J. | Journal Article | Chemicals, Collision, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects of an Offshore Oil Platform on the Distribution and Abundance of Commercially Important Crab Species | Page, H.; Dugan, J.; Dugan, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Development of Spatial Information Layers for Commercial Fishing and Shellfishing in UK Waters to Support Strategic Siting of Offshore Windfarms | Dunstone, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Bat Resources Reports for Beech Ridge Wind Energy Project | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Renewable Energy and Land Use in India: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development | Kiesecker, J.; Baruch-Mordo, S.; Heiner, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea | Tidbury, H.; Taylor, N.; van der Molen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Sediment Deposition Following Construction of a Breakwater Harbor: Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, Rhode Island, USA | Oakley, B.; Murphy, C.; Lee, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions | ||
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas | Crespo, G.; Mossop, J.; Dunn, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Fish and Fisheries Study | Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Energy Development and Production in the Great Plains: Implications and Mitigation Opportunities | Ott, J.; Hanberry, B.; Khalil, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report | Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site | Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Automatic Segregation of Pelagic Habitats | Plonus, R-M.; Vogl, S.; Floeter, J. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Pfeiffer, M.; Ralston-Paton, S. | Guidance | Wind Energy | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Advancing Migratory Bird Conservation and Management by Using Radar: An Interagency Collaboration | Ruth, J.; Barrow, W.; Sojda,R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Navigation | |
The Maritime Environment Impact Assessment of Offshore Floating Wind Power in Ulsan - A Focus on Habitat Equivalence Analysis | Choi, S-Y.; Moon, B-S.; Kim, T-G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Near-term ecological forecasting for dynamic aeroconservation of migratory birds | Horton, K.; Van Doren, B.; Albers, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Lighting | Birds, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Constraints on Development of Wind Energy in Poland due to Environmental Objectives. Is There Space in Poland for Wind Farm Siting? | Hajto, M.; Cichocki, Z.; Bidlasik, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2018 Annual Report | Anderson, P.; Aldridge, C.; Alexander, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas | Nopp-Mayr, U.; Kunz, F.; Suppan, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts | |
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
An indicator for assessing the status of marine-bird habitats affected by multiple human activities: A novel statistical approach | Mercker, M.; Dierschke, V.; Camphuysen, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model | Roman, P.; Salinas, C.; Araujo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring | Reichert, B.; Bayless, M.; Cheng, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions | |
A Multi-Criteria Approach to Evaluate Floating Offshore Wind Farms Siting in the Canary Islands (Spain) | Díaz, H.; Soares, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Science in support of ecologically sound decommissioning strategies for offshore man-made structures: taking stock of current knowledge and considering future challenges | Birchenough, S.; Degraer, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
The biodiversity-wind energy-land use nexus in a global biodiversity hotspot | Kati, V.; Kassara, C.; Vrontisi, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Synthesis of the Science Workshop: Day 1 Summary | Consensus Building Institute | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Considerations for Offshore Wind Energy Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries in the United States: A Review of Existing Studies, New Efforts, and Opportunities for Innovation | Perry, R.; Heyman, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned | Carey, D.; Wilber, D.; Read, L.; et al. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries | Gill, A.; Degraer, S.; Lipsky, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin | Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Review of the Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and their Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation | UK Department for Business Innovation & Skills (BIS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data |
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