Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
How loud is the underwater noise from operating offshore wind turbines? Tougaard, J.; Hermannsen, L.; Madsen, P. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Increased Mixing and Turbulence in the Wake of Offshore Wind Farm Foundations Schultze, L.; Merckelbach, L.; Horstmann, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Reaction to a 3D Seismic Airgun Survey in the North Sea Sarnocinska, J.; Teilmann, J.; Balle, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Noise Propagation Calculations of a Wind Turbine in Complex Terrain Sessarego, M.; Shen, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Basin-wide contributions to the underwater soundscape by multiple seismic surveys with implications for marine mammals in Baffin Bay, Greenland Kyhn, L.; Wisniewska, D.; Beedholm, K.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals
Assessment of system effects of large-scale implementation of offshore wind in the southern North Sea Boon, A.; Caires, S.; Wijnant, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment
The Effect of Simulated Seal Scarer Sounds on Harbour Porpoises Hermannsen, L.; Mikkelsen, L.; Tougaard, J. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessing Auditory Evoked Potentials of Wild Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Ruser, A.; Dähne, M.; van Neer, A.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
New Achievements in Underwater Noise Modelling for Offshore Pile Driving Trimoreau, B.; Lutzen, R.; Kringelum, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
The Significance of Parameter Uncertainties for the Prediction of Offshore Pile Driving Noise Lippert, T.; von Estorff, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Effects of Noise and By-Catch on a Danish Harbour Porpoise Population Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Sibly, R.; Tougaard, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
AdBm Demonstration at Butendiek Offshore Wind Farm with Ballast Nedam AdBm Technologies Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Potential interactions between diadromous fishes of U.K. conservation importance and the electromagnetic fields and subsea noise from marine renewable energy developments Gill, A.; Bartlett, M.; Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish
Testing the acoustic tolerance of harbour porpoise hearing for impulsive sounds Lucke, K.; Lepper, P.; Blanchet, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving at the Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm in the Danish North Sea Brandt, M.; Diederichs, A.; Betke, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
A Sustainability Index for Offshore Wind Farms and Open Water Aquaculture Benassai, G.; Stenberg, C.; Christoffersen, M.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Investigations into the effects of pile driving at the offshore wind farm Horns Rev II and the FINO III research platform Brandt, M.; Diederichs, A.; Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Pile Driving Zone of Responsiveness Extends Beyond 20 km for Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena (L.)) Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Teilmann, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater Noise From Three Types Of Offshore Wind Turbines: Estimation Of Impact Zones For Harbor Porpoises And Harbor Seals Tougaard, J.; Henriksen, O.; Miller, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part II: Harbour porpoises Diederichs,A.; Hennig, V.; Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals
Underwater Noise from Construction and Operation of Offshore Wind Farms Tougaard, J.; Madsen, P.; Wahlberg, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Summary on Harbour Porpoise Monitoring 1999-2006 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Harbour Porpoises on Horns Reef Effects of the Horns Reef Wind Farm Jakob, T.; Carstensen, J.; Wisz, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Impacts of Offshore Wind Farm Construction on Harbour Porpoises: Acoustic Monitoring of Echolocation Activity using Porpoise Detectors (T-PODs) Carstensen, J.; Henriksen, O.; Teilmann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental effect studies – Status more than two years after the erection of Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms Boesen, C.; Andersen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wake Effects of Large Offshore Wind Farms Identified from Satellite SAR Christiansen, M.; Hasager, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Wake Effects on Middelgrund Windfarm Jørgensen, H.; Frandsen, S.; Vølund, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Hendriksen, O.; et al. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Offshore Wind Turbine Wakes Measured by Sodar Barthelmie, J.; Fokerts, L.; Ormel, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area Hoffmann, E.; Astrup, J.; Larsen, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Escape Responses of Hauled out Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) to Aircraft Disturbance Born, E.; Riget, F.; Dietz, R.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Impact Assessment of an Off-shore Wind Park on Sea Ducks Guillemette, M.; Larsen, J.; Clausager, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Waterfowl
Meteorological aspects of offshore wind energy: Observations from the Vindeby wind farm Barthelmie, R.; Courtney, M.; Højstrup, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment

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