Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Offshore windfarm construction elevates metabolic rate and increases predation vulnerability of a key marine invertebrate Cones, S.; Jézéquel, Y.; Jarriel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Environmental and Social Perspectives from Uruguay Forastiero, M.; Gutierrez, R.; Weschenfelder, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
Wind energy and insects: reviewing the state of knowledge and identifying potential interactions Weschler, M.; Tronstad, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Invertebrates
Ecological design of scour protection for offshore wind power Junquera Barbazán, P.; Sudjada, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Physical Environment
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland BlueWise Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities Courbis, S.; Williams, K.; Stepanuk, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Musseling through: Mytilus byssal thread production is unaffected by continuous noise Wang, S.; Ellrich, J.; Beermann, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales Whale Communications Committee; Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Modeling the Underwater Sound of Floating Offshore Windfarms in the Central Mediterranean Sea Baldachini, M.; Burns, R.; Buscaino, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Challenges and Opportunities for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in Ultradeep Waters of the Central Atlantic Musial, W.; McCoy, A.; Hernando, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Harbour porpoise responses to the installation of XXL monopiles without noise abatement; implications for noise management in the Southern North Sea Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Hastie, G.; Brown, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Collaborative Whale Detection Technology Evaluation Virtual Workshop Series Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative for Offshore Wind (RWSC); Marine Technology Society (MTS) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects United States Government Accountability Office Report Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Underwater Sound Modelling and Sound Mapping in Vibratory Pile Driving Peng, Y.; Tsetas, A.; Molenkamp, T.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy in the Field of Tension between Human Societies and Natural Systems Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy and Their Implications for Forest Ecosystems Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms in Deep Waters Alawady, A.; Senthurya, S.; Saritha, G.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Noise pollution causes parental stress on marine invertebrates, the Giant scallop example Gigot, M; Tremblay, R.; Bonnel, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California California Ocean Science Trust Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Experience report on operational noise: Cross-project evaluation and assessment of underwater noise measurements from the operational phase of offshore wind farms Bellmann, M.; Müller, T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Assessing the influence of offshore wind turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing Siddagangaiah, S.; Chen, C-F.; Hu, W-C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? Bishop, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals Dobson, T.; Lenchine, V.; Bainbridge, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore Wind Facts: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore Wind Facts: Fish and Invertebrates Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Facts: Birds and Bats Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds
A numerical study on the effect of asymmetry on underwater noise emission in offshore monopile installation Molenkamp, T.; Tsouvalas, A.; Metrikine, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
What are the potential effects of offshore wind farms on coastal fish and their essential habitats? Henry, S.; Couturier, L.; Darnaude, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Forest landscape shield models for assessing audio-visual disturbances of wind turbines Selkmaki, M.; Riippi, J.; Rana, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota El-Dairi, R.; Outinen, O.; Kankaanpää, H. Journal Article Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Underwater noise from vibratory pile driving with non-linear frictional pile–soil interaction Molenkamp, T.; Tsetas, A.; Tsouvalas, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Forest bat activity declines with increasing wind speed in proximity of operating wind turbines Ellerbrok, J.; Farwig, N.; Peter, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Noise Bats
Experimental study on the effect of sound stimulation on hearing and behavior of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) Wang, Y.; Huang, L.; Xing, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition Veers, P.; Dykes, K.; Baranowski, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones Gall, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Energy Conversion Factors in Underwater Radiated Sound from Marine Piling: Review of the method and recommendations Wood, M.; Ainslie, M.; Burns, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Short-term habituation of the longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) to pile driving sound Jézéquel, Y.; Jandial, P.; Cones, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Report on the ICES Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) 2023 Ahola, M.; Alves, F.; Authier, M.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds

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