The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Life on every stone: Characterizing benthic communities from scour protection layers of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea | Zupan, M.; Coolen, J.; Mavraki, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Offshore wind farm operation contributed to a slight improvement in seawater quality along the Jiangsu Coast, China | Wei, Z.; Wang, M.; Gao, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Wind farms increase land surface temperature and reduce vegetation productivity in the Inner Mongolia Plateau | Liu, L.; Liu, P.; Yu, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Monopile-induced turbulence and sediment redistribution form visible wakes in offshore wind farms | Bailey, L.; Dorrell, R.; Kostakis, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
Effects of Wind Farm Construction on Soil Nutrients and Vegetation: A Case Study of Linxiang Wind Farm in Hunan Province | Li, L.; Ma, W.; Duan, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Analysis of the Impact of Wind Farm Construction on the Marine Environment | Lazuga, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Realizing the Potential of eDNA Biodiversity Monitoring Tools in the Marine Environment with Application to Offshore Renewable Energy | Sepulveda, A.; Morrison, C.; Hunter, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms on tropical cyclones: a case study of Typhoon Hato | Zhang, P.; Deng, S.; Tuo, P-F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Physical Environment | ||
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future | Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Integrated Environmental & Social Sensitivity Mapping: Guidance for Early Offshore Wind Spatial Planning | World Bank Group | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism | ||
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus in fouling communities on artificial offshore structures | Coolen, J.; Weide, B.; Bittner, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | ||
How to restore ecological impacts from wind energy? An assessment of Zhongying Wind Farm through MSPA-MCR model and circuit theory | Guan, J.; Hu, J.; Li, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Physical Environment | ||
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 | Sullivan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Quantifying land impacts of wind energy: a regional-scale assessment in Finland | Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Byholm, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts | Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Numerical and experimental study of the effects of wind turbine operation on sand-dust transport characteristics | Ma, G.; Ye Li, H. H.; Li, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | ||
A Numerical Modeling Framework to Evaluate Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on California’s Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem | Raghukumar, K.; Nelson, T.; Chang, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
6th ScotMER Symposium: Benthic Ecology and Physical Processes | Marine Scotland | Presentation | Wind Energy | Physical Environment | ||
6th ScotMER Symposium: ECOWind | Marine Scotland | Presentation | Wind Energy | Birds, Physical Environment | ||
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review | Ze, J.; Xiuchun, Y.; Ang, C. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress | Keating-Bitoni, C.; Marshak, A.; Comay, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Overlap between the Mid-Atlantic Bight Cold Pool and offshore wind lease areas | Horwitz, R.; Miles, T.; Munroe, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Decommissioning of offshore wind farms and its impact on benthic ecology | Spielmann, V.; Dannheim, J.; Brey, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
The overlooked threat of land take from wind energy infrastructures: Quantification, drivers and policy gaps | Kati, V.; Kassara, C.; Panagos, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Study on the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Surrounding Water Environment in the Yangtze Estuary Based on Remote Sensing | Cai, L.; Hu, Q.; Qiu, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Morphological Modelling to Investigate the Role of External Sediment Sources and Wind and Wave-Induced Flow on Sand Bank Sustainability: An Arklow Bank Case Study | Creane, S.; O'Shea, M.; Coughlan, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Ocean Upwelling and Downwelling Induced by Wind Wakes of Offshore Wind Farms | Liu, K.; Du, J.; Larsén, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Assessing the Relationship between Sea Turtle Strandings and Anthropogenic Impacts in Taiwan | Chou, W.; Wu, P.; Li, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Annual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Maryland Offshore Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Field data-based correlation between scour at offshore wind farms (OWFs) and hydrodynamic drivers | Ludwig, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments | Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zimmermann, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Vulnerability Index to Scale Effects of Offshore Renewable Energy on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Off the U.S. West Coast (VIMMS) | Southall, B.; Mazurek, R.; Eriksen, R. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Windfarm and Wildfire: Spatial ecology of an endangered freshwater turtle in a recovering landscape | Delay, S.; Urguhart, O.; Litzgus, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Reptiles | ||
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Considerations for Floating Wind Energy Development in the Gulf of Maine | Musial, W.; MacDonald, S.; Fuchs, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Revolution Wind Farm and Revolution Wind Export Cable Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Environmental benthos survey, Hywind Scotland | Moskeland, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
A wind of change for soft-sediment infauna within operational offshore windfarms | Lefaible, N.; Braeckman, U.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Mapping Environmental Considerations for Marine Spatial Planning in Wales: Methodology | Murray, L.; Bloomfield, H.; Skates, L. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | ||
Do the metals released by galvanic anodes used in offshore wind farms pose a risk to the marine environment? | Henry, S.; Amouroux, I.; Aragon, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Guide to a floating offshore wind farm | BVG Associates | Guidance | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Physical Environment |
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