The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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A critical review on environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and mitigation strategies: Wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal | Sayad, E. ; Wilberforce, T.; Elsaid, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Characterisation of the Potential Impacts of Subsea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Renewable Energy Projects | Taormina, B.; Quillienn, N.; Lejart, M.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Glider study at Hywind Scotland | Ramasco, V. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Dominant Frequency Extraction for Operational Underwater Sound of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Adaptive Stochastic Resonance | Wang, R.; Xu, X.; Zou, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Physical Environment | |
Workshop Summary on Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review | Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change, Noise | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Visual Impacts | |
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals | Jack, T. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Effects of operational off-shore wind farms on fishes and fisheries | Svendsen, J.; Ibanez-Erquiaga, B.; Savina, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations | Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus | Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Possible Effects of the Offshore Wind Farm at Vindeby on the Outcome of Fishing | Engell-Sørensen, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Marine Noise Budgets in Practice | Merchant, N.; Faulkner, R.; Martinez, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Marine Licence Hywind Scotland Pilot Park | The Scottish Government; Marine Scotland | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Underwater noise abatement: Economic factors and policy options | Merchant, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms | Cooper, S.; Chan, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan | Ørsted; Eversource | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement – Non-Technical Summary | Arcus Consultancy Services | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Interdisciplinary analysis of wind energy - a focus on France | Kinani, K.; Meunier, S.; Vido, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring continuous noise | Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report | Green, R.; Farr, H.; Ryan, K.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Changes in Fish Catch Rates in the Presence of Air Gun Sounds in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska | Streever, B.; Raborn, S.; Kim, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive | Merchant, N.; Putland, R.; André, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Impact-Producing Factors in the Offshore Wind Cumulative Impacts Scenario on the South Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Adapting Offshore Wind Power Foundations to Local Environment | Hammar, L.; Andersson, S.; Rosenberg, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Long-Term, Global-Scale Statistics of Sound Propagation | Cheinet, S. | Journal Article | Noise | Physical Environment | ||
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil | Hernández Carrascal, O.; Shadman, M.; Amiri, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries | Gill, A.; Degraer, S.; Lipsky, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Acoustic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Fishery Resources: An Evolving Source and Varied Effects Across a Wind Farm’s Lifetime | Mooney, T.; Andersson, M.; Stanley, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
On the Prediction of Pile Driving Induced Underwater Sound Pressure Levels Over Long Ranges | Lippert, T.; Heitmann, K.; Ruhnau, M.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Physical Environment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Prediction of Far Field Noise from Wind Energy Farms | Shepherd, K.; Hubbard, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Physical Environment | |
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Making the Case for the Sound Management of Marine Protected Areas | Bell, E.; Brennan, R.; Nickell, T.; et al. | Report | Noise | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Evaluation of Potential EMF Effects on Fish Species of Commercial or Recreational Fishing Importance in Southern New England | Snyder, D.; Bailey, W.; Palmquist, K.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
JUMP Deliverable 5.1: Regulatory Framework for underwater noise monitoring in Portugal | Cruz, E.; Outeiro, J.; Simao, A.; et al. | Report | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
A review of crustacean sensitivity to high amplitude underwater noise: Data needs for effective risk assessment in relation to UK commercial species | Edmonds, N.; Firmin, C.; Goldsmith, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries |
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