The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Seabirds and Marine Mammals Technical Report | Xodus Group; Natural Research Ltd | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Behaviour related flight speeds of Sandwich Terns and their implications for wind farm collision rate modelling and impact assessment | Fijn, R.; Gyimesi, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
How can the impacts of an operating wind farm on marine mammals be assessed? | Couturier, L.; Curé, C.; Labach, H.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia | Reid, K.; Baker, G.; Woehler, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds | |
Technological solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of wind-energy systems | Megavind | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study | Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Norman, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Providing a detailed estimate of mortality using a simulation-based collision risk model | Horne, N.; Culloch, R.; Schmitt, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Collision | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II | Austrheim, E.; Dahlgren, T.; Handberg, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Seabird distribution in 3D: assessing risk from offshore wind energy generation | Schatz Energy Research Center | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model | Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus | Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Evaluation of bird detection efficiency of ProBird: tracking missed detection and false positives | Lagrange, H.; Rico, P. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds | |
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds | Searle, K.; O'Brien, S.; Jones, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds | |
On the radar: Weather, bird migration and aeroconservation over the North Sea | Bradaric, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Offshore wind energy ecological programme (Wozep) Monitoring and research programme 2017-2021 | WOZEP project team | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report | ORE Catapult; Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Synthesizing expert opinion to assess the at-sea risks to seabirds in the western North Atlantic | Lieske, D.; Tranquilla, L.; Ronconi, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland | Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
2nd Iteration: Effect of turbine capacity on collision numbers for three large gull species, based on revised density data, when assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on birds in the southern North Sea | van der Wal, J.; Fijn, R.; Gyimesi, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Effects of offshore wind farms on birds: "Cuisinarts of the sky" or just tilting at windmills? | Tingley, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part II: Harbour porpoises | Diederichs,A.; Hennig, V.; Nehls, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries | Kabir, M.; Sree, N.; Khatod, K.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts | |
Evidence of Nocturnal Migration over Sea and Sex-Specific Migration Distance of Dutch Black-Headed Gulls | Fijn, R.; Govers, L.; Lutterop, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species | Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Risk of whale encounters with offshore renewable energy mooring lines and electrical cables | Copping, A.; Grear, M.; Sanders, G. | Presentation | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Occurrence of peaks in songbird migration at rotor heights of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea | Krijgsveld, K.; Fijn, R.; Lensink, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Vertical Flow Simulations Using the Mesoscale Model to Assess Impacts on Soaring Birds around Offshore Wind Turbines | Konagaya, M.; Takahashi, M.; Kato, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
REPCET Realtime Plotting of Cetaceans: Presentation of the System | Mayol, P. | Report | Collision | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation | ||
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms | Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Assessing potential conflicts between offshore wind farms and migration patterns of a threatened shorebird species | Schwemmer, P.; Pederson, R.; Haecker, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Identifying migrant waterfowl and waterbird stopovers to inform wind energy development siting within Saginaw Bay | Monfils, M.; Gehring, J. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies | Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Rowe, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Behavioral responses to offshore windfarms during migration of a declining shorebird species revealed by GPS-telemetry | Schwemmer, P.; Mercker, M.; Haecker, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore Wind Energy Development and North Atlantic Right Whales | Silber, G.; Dangerfield, A.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Collision Potential of Eiders and Other Birds Near a Proposed Windfarm at St. Lawrence Island, October-November 2002 | Day, R.; Rose, J.; Ritchie, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds | |
Collision Mortality of Local and Migrant Birds at a Large-Scale Wind-Power Development on Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota | Johnson, G.; Erickson, W.; Strickland, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds |
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