Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Socio-economic and environmental impacts of renewable energy deployments: A review Virah-Sawmy, D.; Sturmberg, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Environmental and Social Perspectives from Uruguay Forastiero, M.; Gutierrez, R.; Weschenfelder, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 Greaves, D.; White, D.; Noble, D.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Collaboration or competition? Interactions between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind in Norway Havinga, H.C.; Adriaan van der Loos, H.Z.; Steen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
The co-benefits of offshore wind under the UK Renewable Obligation scheme: Integrating sustainability in energy policy evaluation Pashakolaie, V.; Cotton, M.; Jansen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Assessing the engineering, environmental and economic aspects of repowering onshore wind energy Ahmed, F.; Foley, A.; Dowds, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Challenges and Opportunities for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in Ultradeep Waters of the Central Atlantic Musial, W.; McCoy, A.; Hernando, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects United States Government Accountability Office Report Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Trade-offs of wind power production: A study on the environmental implications of raw materials mining in the life cycle of wind turbines Morozovska, K.; Bragone, F.; Svensson, A.X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy in the Field of Tension between Human Societies and Natural Systems Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy and Their Implications for Forest Ecosystems Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Global Offshore Wind Report 2024 Williams, R.; Zhao, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms Uribe, M.; Aguilera, J.; Villada-Canela, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
From Concerns to Engagement: How experts address citizen concerns about birds through engagement in wind farm projects Dossin, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
The windfall of green finance: Advancing environmental sustainability through wind energy Wang, M.; Zhong, D.; Ali, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data
Law in Order: An Inventory of State Renewable Energy Siting Policies Enterline, S.; Valainis, A. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The effect of moral framing on attitudes towards offshore wind farms in Turkey Goral, E.; Hannum, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 Sullivan, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Assessing the Ecological and Social Impact of Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Study Rottbers, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Sustainable energy adoption in poor rural areas: A comparative case perspective from the Philippines Franco, M. A. J.; Taeihagh, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
How do residents perceive energy-producing kites? Comparing the community acceptance of an airborne wind energy system and a wind farm in Germany Schmidt, H.; Leschinger, V.; Müller, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services Watson, S.; Somerfield, P.; Lemasson, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Evaluation of offshore wind energy diffusion in long-term scenarios in the Colombian Caribbean Valencia, M.; Arango-Aramburo, S.; Osorio, A. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Conditions for just offshore wind energy: Addressing the societal challenges of the North Sea wind industry Skjølsvold, T.; Heidenreich, S.; Henriksen, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Monetized (socio-)environmental handprint and footprint of an offshore windfarm in the Belgian Continental Shelf: An assessment of local, regional and global impacts De Luca Pena, L.; Taelman, S. E.; Bas, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Do concerns about wind farms blow over with time? Residents’ acceptance over phases of project development and proximity le Maitre, J.; Ryan, G.; Power, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Marine Energy Site Selection: A Case Study Comparison between Puerto Rico and Hawaii Hall, S. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
A paradigm for understanding whole ecosystem effects of offshore wind farms in shelf seas Isaksson, N.; Scott, B.; Hunt, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition Veers, P.; Dykes, K.; Baranowski, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
A holistic tool to assess the cost and environmental performance of floating offshore wind farms Ferreira, V.; Benveniste, G.; Rapha, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Impacts of offshore wind power development on China's marine economy and environment: A study from 2006 to 2019 Liu, G.; Kong, Z.; Sun, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Multispecies blue justice and energy transition conflict: examining challenges and possibilities for synergy between low-carbon energy and justice for humans and nonhuman nature Tafon, R.; Saunders, F.; Pikner, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy
Environmental life cycle assessment of a novel offshore wind energy design project: A United States based case study Moussavi, S.; Barutha, P.; Dvorak, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
A wind of change in Norway: Explaining shifts in municipal stances on wind power by policy feedback and energy justice Eikeland, P.; Taranger, K.; Inderberg, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Does renewable electricity promote Indigenous sovereignty? Reviewing support, barriers, and recommendations for solar and wind energy development on Native lands in the United States Grosse, C.; Mark, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
United States offshore wind energy atlas: availability, potential, and economic insights based on wind speeds at different altitudes and thresholds and policy-informed exclusions von Krauland, A-K.; Long, Q.; Enevoldsen, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Energy Equity Opportunities in Distributed Wind Hybrid Systems for Rural Loads Parker, K.; Fensch, A.; Kazimierczuk, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Prevalence and predictors of wind energy opposition in North America Stokes, L.; Franzblau, E.; Lovering, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Social & Economic Data
Mitigating the Negative Impact of Wind Power on Soaring Birds through Government Restrictions Liang, X.; Yang, C.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
A Comparison of the European Regulatory Framework for the deployment of Offshore Renewable Energy Project Moscoloni, C.; Carà, C.; Novo, R.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Floating wind and wave energy technologies: applications, synergies and role in decarbonization in Portugal White, C.; Carrelhas, A.; Gato, L.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Do recent renewable energy policy changes in Ireland satisfy the requirements of a nascent wave energy technology development sector? Barry, C.; Ringwood, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Why municipalities reject wind power: A study on municipal acceptance and rejection of wind power instalments in Sweden Lindvall, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data

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