The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Determining the impact of pile-driving activity on the spatio-temporal distribution of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Piesinger, G. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time | Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) | Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria | Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B.; Halpin, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Performance Characteristics of the NoiseSpotter: An Acoustic Monitoring and Localization System | Raghukumar, K.; Chang, G.; Spada, F.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling | Denes, S.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zeddies, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A Framework for Studying the Effects of Offshore Wind Development on Marine Mammals and Turtles | Kraus, S.; Kenney, R.; Thomas, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island | HDR | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Feeding home ranges of pacific coast feeding group gray whales | Lagerquist, B.; Palacios, D.; Winsor, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Construction of the Vineyard Wind Offshore Wind Project | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk | Hastie, G.; Merchant, N.; Götz, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches | Wochner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Best Management Practices for North Atlantic Right Whales During Offshore Wind Energy Construction and Operations Along the U.S. East Coast | Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Improving understanding of bottlenose dolphin movements along the east coast of Scotland (Interim Report 2019) | Arso Civil, M.; Louis, M.; Hague, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Winter 2018-2019 Digital Survey #11 | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Annual Report: November 2017 to October 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Goulding, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results, Annex 1: Summer 2016 to Spring 2017 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Goulding, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results Equinor Wind US, LLC Annex I: Summer 2016 – Spring 2017 | Jervis, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Comments on the Call for Information and Nominations for Commercial Leasing for Wind Power Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore California | Aylesworth, S.; Krop, L.; George, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Retrospective and Outlook for an Environmentally Sound Development of Offshore Wind Energy | Lüdeke, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: August 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Dominguez Alvarez, N.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: September 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Arundale, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Geological and Geophysical (G&G) Surveys Fact Sheet | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Determining Habitat Use by Marine Mammals and Ambient Noise Levels Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring Offshore of Maryland | Bailey, H.; Rice, A.; Wingfield, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden. Assessment of impact on marine mammals | Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Underwater noise levels of pile-driving in a New Zealand harbour, and the potential impacts on endangered Hector's dolphins | Leunissen, E.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: July 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Wilmott, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: June 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Wilmott, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Effective Offshore Piling Noise Mitigation in Deep Waters | Elmer, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Atlantic Deepwater Ecosystem Observatory Network (ADEON): An Integrated System for Long-Term Monitoring of Ecological and Human Factors on the Outer Continental Shelf | Miksis-Olds, J.; Martin, B.; Warren, J.; et al. | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations | Nabe-Nielsen, J.; van Beest, F.; Grimm, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Understanding Marine Mammal Presence in the Virginia Offshore Wind Energy Area | Salisbury, D.; Estabrook, B.; Klinck, H.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: May 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Wilmott, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Validating automated click detector dolphin detection rates and investigating factors affecting performance | Garrod, A.; Fandel, A.; Wingfield, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals | Erbe, C.; Dunlop, R.; Dolman, S. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy | Sinclair, K.; Copping, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: April 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Goddard, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing | Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey of Lease Area OCSA 0512 Monthly Report: March 2018 | Jervis, L.; Warford, S.; Goddard, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany | Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Marine Noise Budgets in Practice | Merchant, N.; Faulkner, R.; Martinez, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Field Observations During Wind Turbine Foundation Installation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Appendix D: Underwater Sound Monitoring Reports | Amaral, J.; Beard, R.; Barham, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
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