Abstract
The need to transform the energy matrix to reduce pollutant emissions has caused the renewable sources to gain more relevance, because of their low negative effect in the environment, its energetic independence, as well as the economic and social benefits generated by an industrial network in employments and access to energy in remote places, among others (EPA, 2021; SEMARNAT, 2018; Vergara et al., 2014). The so-called other sources of energy, wind and solar energy (Table 1) have increased significantly in the last decades. However, the proportion of this energy matrix in the world order, is still small, to the extent that to this day, the supply of energy still depends 80% on fossil fuels. In the year 2020 11% of the electricity at a global level was generated by renewable sources (BP, 2021), and for the first time in the European Union more electricity was generated through renewable energies than from fossil fuels (GWEC, 2021). Particularly, wind and solar energies contributed with 63% of the electricity production in Denmark, 43% in Uruguay, 38% in Ireland, while in Germany and Greece it was with a close 30% (REN21, 2021).