The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area | Rothermel, E.; O'Brien, M.; Best, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae | Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Occupancy model to unveil wildlife utilization at Yeongyang-gun wind farm management road, Korea | Kim, S-H.; Dhakal, T.; Yoon, T-G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Terrestrial Mammals | |
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review | Tolvanen, A.; Routavaara, H.; Jokikokko, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Quick scan of cumulative impacts on the North Sea biodiversity: with a focus on selected species in relation to future developments in offshore wind energy | Jongbloed, R.; Tamis, J.; van der Wal, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions | ||
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Low impact siting for wind power facilities in the Southeast United States | Feng, X.; Li, S.; Kalies, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Floating wind and wave energy technologies: applications, synergies and role in decarbonization in Portugal | White, C.; Carrelhas, A.; Gato, L.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
A Comparison of the European Regulatory Framework for the deployment of Offshore Renewable Energy Project | Moscoloni, C.; Carà, C.; Novo, R.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Towards blue growth: Multi-use possibilities for the development of emerging sectors in the Brazilian sea | Weiss, C.; Bonetti, J.; Scherer, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Vulnerability Index to Scale Effects of Offshore Renewable Energy on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Off the U.S. West Coast (VIMMS) | Southall, B.; Mazurek, R.; Eriksen, R. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Towards assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on fishes: Gaps, perspectives, and a case study of a large floating bridge | Zang, X.; Carlson, T.; Martinez, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Noise | Fish | |
The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms challenges the reliability of ICES-coordinated fish surveys—insights from the Baltic Sea | Haase, S.; von Dorrien, C.; Kaljuste, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Environmental DNA reveals spatial patterns of fish and plankton diversity at a floating offshore wind farm | Hestetun, J.; Ray, J.; Murvoll, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Quantifying trade-offs for the spatial allocation of onshore wind generation capacity – A case study for Germany | Tafarte, P.; Lemann, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data | ||
Evaluation of Floating Renewable Energy Potential for Sustainable Energy in Türkiye | Durmaz, B.; ÜÇGÜL, I. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Mapping Environmental Considerations for Marine Spatial Planning in Wales: Methodology | Murray, L.; Bloomfield, H.; Skates, L. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | ||
What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? | Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Magnetic Field Limit and Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Submarine Cables in Ecosystems | Li, X.; Chen, J.; Zhan, H.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish | |
Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities | Li, C.; Coolen, J.; Scherer, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Monitoring of Marine Life During Offshore Wind Energy Development—Guidelines and Recommendations | Kershaw, F.; Jones, A.; Folsom-O’Keefe, C.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | ||
Effects of Wind Power Development on Reindeer: Global Positioning System Monitoring and Herders’ Experience | Eftestøl, S.; Tsegaye, D.; Flydal, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Terrestrial Mammals | ||
Fisheries and Offshore Wind Interactions: Synthesis of Science | Hogan, F.; Hooker, B.; Jensen, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | ||
Acceptance should not be assumed. How the dynamics of social acceptance changes over time, impacting onshore wind repowering | Windemer, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data | ||
Broadening the social acceptance of wind energy – An Integrated Acceptance Model | Hübner, G.; Leschinger, V.; Müller, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
5th ScotMER Symposium: Fish and Fisheries | Marine Scotland | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles | Durif, C.; Nyqvist, D.; Taormina, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
The Use of eDNA to Monitor Pelagic Fish in Offshore Floating Wind Farms | Dahlgren, T.; Hestetun, J.; Ray, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives | Shadman, M.; Roldan-Carvajal, M.; Pierart, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
Wind-energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales | Milliganm M.; Johnston, A.; Beck, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Terrestrial Mammals | |
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A review to inform the assessment of the risk of collision and displacement in petrels and shearwaters from offshore wind developments in Scotland | Deakin, Z.; Cook, A.; Daunt, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish | |
Literature Review on Barrier Effects, Ghost Fishing, and Electromagnetic Fields for Floating Windfarms | Williamson, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, EMF, Entanglement | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas: challenges and opportunities to strengthen international environmental and renewable energy governance | Soria-Rodríguez, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
U.S. Pacific Coast Workshop Report on Preconstruction Research Recommendations | Green, R.; Severy, M.; Hein, C.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | ||
Environmental variables for distribution modelling of UK marine megafauna species | Wilkinson, D.; Quinn, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
Dominant Frequency Extraction for Operational Underwater Sound of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Adaptive Stochastic Resonance | Wang, R.; Xu, X.; Zou, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Physical Environment | |
Mapping potential environmental impacts of offshore renewable energy | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Seeger, I.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Windfarms, fishing and benthic recovery: Overlaps, risks and opportunities | Dunkley, F.; Solandt, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Categorizing Active Marine Acoustic Sources Based on Their Potential to Affect Marine Animals | Ruppel, C.; Weber, T.; Staaterman, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Future environmental scenarios for offshore wind expansion | Still, D.; Pacitto, S.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning |
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