The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Oceanographic Effects of Offshore Wind Structures and Their Potential Impacts on the North Atlantic Right Whale and Their Prey | Brodie, J.; Manhard, R.; Krebs, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Reducing uncertainty in underwater noise assessments for offshore wind (ReCon) | Carbon Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Establishing baselines for predicting change in ambient sound metrics, marine mammal, and vessel occurrence within a US offshore wind energy area | Van Parijs, S.; DeAngelis, A.; Aldrich, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Maryland Offshore Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
West of Orkney Windfarm Offshore Environmental Impact Assessment | West of Orkney Windfarm | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Revealing the ecological impact of low-speed mountain wind power on vegetation and soil erosion in South China: A case study of a typical wind farm in Yunnan | Ma, B.; Yang, J.; Chen, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
A risk-based approach to cumulative effects assessment for large marine ecosystems to support transboundary marine spatial planning: A case study of the yellow sea | Ma, C.; Stelzenmüller, V.; Rehren, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | ||
Empire Offshore Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Floating wind and wave energy technologies: applications, synergies and role in decarbonization in Portugal | White, C.; Carrelhas, A.; Gato, L.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Vulnerability Index to Scale Effects of Offshore Renewable Energy on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Off the U.S. West Coast (VIMMS) | Southall, B.; Mazurek, R.; Eriksen, R. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Southern New England with Emphasis on Large Whales: Final Report Campaign 7, 2022 | O'Brien, O.; McKenna, K.; Hsu, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Towards assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on fishes: Gaps, perspectives, and a case study of a large floating bridge | Zang, X.; Carlson, T.; Martinez, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Noise | Fish | |
Floating offshore wind farms in Mediterranean marine protected areas: a cautionary tale | Lloret, J.; Wawrzynkowski, P.; Dominguez-Carrió, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Windfarm and Wildfire: Spatial ecology of an endangered freshwater turtle in a recovering landscape | Delay, S.; Urguhart, O.; Litzgus, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Reptiles | ||
The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms challenges the reliability of ICES-coordinated fish surveys—insights from the Baltic Sea | Haase, S.; von Dorrien, C.; Kaljuste, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Relation Between Underwater Noise and Operating Offshore Wind Turbines | Holme, C.; Simurda, M.; Gerlach, S.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Integrating Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring into Offshore Wind Energy Development Infrastructure and Operations | Courbis, S.; Etter, H.; Pacini, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental DNA reveals spatial patterns of fish and plankton diversity at a floating offshore wind farm | Hestetun, J.; Ray, J.; Murvoll, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore Wind Energy Development and North Atlantic Right Whales | Silber, G.; Dangerfield, A.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Optimizing China's onshore wind farm layout crucial for carbon neutrality | Li, Q. ; Duan, H.; Liu, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Revolution Wind Farm and Revolution Wind Export Cable Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Maryland Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan: Appendix II E1 - Essential Fish Habitat Assessment | TRC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Ecological effects of offshore wind farms on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the southern North Sea | Gimpel, A.; Werner, K.; Bockelmann, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Fish, Pelagic Fish | ||
Indo-Pacific finless porpoises presence in response to pile driving on the Jinwan Offshore Wind Farm, China | Fang, L.; Li, M.; Wang, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Offshore construction using gravity-base foundations indicates no long-term impacts on dolphins and harbour porpoise | Potlock, K.; Temple, A.; Berggren, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Spatial Impact of Wind Farm Construction on Harbor Porpoise Detectability | van Geel, N.; Benjamins, S.; Marmo, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Beacon Wind Project: Beacon Wind 1 and Beacon Wind 2 Construction and Operations Plan | AECOM | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Hearing Impact on Marine Mammals Due to Underwater Sound from Future Wind Farms | Thomsen, F.; Stober, U.; Sarnocinska-Kot, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Mapping Environmental Considerations for Marine Spatial Planning in Wales: Methodology | Murray, L.; Bloomfield, H.; Skates, L. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | ||
What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? | Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Evaluating the Benefits of Noise Reduction Mitigation: The ECHO Program | Malinka, C.; Tollit, D.; Trounce, K.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Offshore Electric and Magnetic Field Assessment | Exponent Inc. | Report | Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain | Wang, L.; Wang, B.; Cen, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals | ||
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report | Green, R.; Farr, H.; Ryan, K.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Characterisation of underwater operational noise of two types of floating offshore wind turbines | Risch, D.; Favill, G.; Marmo, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Towards Digital Twins of the Oceans: The Potential of Machine Learning for Monitoring the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Environments | Schneider, J.; Klüner, A.; Zielinski, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Sustainable wind energy planning through ecosystem service impact valuation and exergy: A study case in south-central Chile | Martínez-Martínez, Y.; Dewulf, J.; Aguayo, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
A Geospatial Analysis of Species of Interest in US Atlantic Wind Energy Areas | O'Brien, B. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals | ||
Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) Near Offshore Wind Farm Areas Off the Coast of New Jersey | Pepper, B. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
Magnetic Field Limit and Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Submarine Cables in Ecosystems | Li, X.; Chen, J.; Zhan, H.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish | |
Joint responsibility in the development of effective wind-turbine collision-reducing solutions | May, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities | Li, C.; Coolen, J.; Scherer, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
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