The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences | Anker, H.; Olsen, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
The clash between biodiversity protection and renewable energy development in the European Union with reference to the Habitats and the Birds Directive s | Aikaterini, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation | Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Balancing future renewable energy infrastructure siting and associated habitat loss for migrating whooping cranes | Ellis, K.; Pearse, A.; Brandt, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Windfarms, fishing and benthic recovery: Overlaps, risks and opportunities | Dunkley, F.; Solandt, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Programme | Ørsted | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Wind energy expansion and birds: Identifying priority areas for impact avoidance at a national level | Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Santangeli, A.; Piirainen, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes | |
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios | Voet, H.; Vlaminck, E.; van Colen, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Workshop Summary on Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Increased food availability at offshore wind farms affects trophic ecology of plaice Pleuronectes platessa | Buyse, J.; Hostens, K.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment | |
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review | Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change, Noise | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Visual Impacts | |
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals | Jack, T. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site | Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles | |
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 3rd Quarter | Verhamme, E.; Daley, J.; Cutrell, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 2nd Quarter | Verhamme, E.; Daley, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Lake Erie Monitoring Plan for the Offshore Wind Project: Icebreaker Wind | LimnoTech | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | |
Environmental Data Catalog for the Morro Bay Wind Energy Area | Johnson, C.; Currier, C.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Considerations on environmental, economic, and energy impacts of wind energy generation: Projections towards sustainability initiatives | Msigwa, G.; Ighalo, J.; Yap, P-S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Changes in Flow, Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations | Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map | Lemasson, A.; Somerfield, P.; Schratzberger, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes | |
The effect of artificial reef design on the attraction of herbivorous fish and on coral recruitment, survival, and growth | Hylkema, A.; Debrot, A.; Cammenga, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish | ||
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus | Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Fish assemblages of three common artificial reef designs during early colonization | Hylkema, A.; Debrot, A.; Osinga, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | ||
Effects Matrix for Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Development on U.S. Atlantic Coastal Habitats | Latham, P.; Fiore, W.; Bauman, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore wind farms are projected to impact primary production and bottom water deoxygenation in the North Sea | Daewel, U.; Akhtar, N.; Christiensen, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind Energy Technologies Office Multi-Year Program Plan Fiscal Years 2021—2025 | Marlay, R.; Ahlgrimm, J.; Clapper, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Offshore wind energy ecological programme (Wozep) Monitoring and research programme 2017-2021 | WOZEP project team | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
NEW YORK OCEAN ACTION PLAN 2017-2027 | Abercrombie, D.; Chytalo, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Could federal wind farms influence continental shelf oceanography and alter associated ecological processes? A literature review. | Miles, T.; Murphy, S.; Kohut, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Perception of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms in Agricultural Areas of Northeast Brazil | Sobrinho Junior, M.; Hernandez, M.; Amora, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Design, production, and validation of the biological and structural performance of an ecologically engineered concrete block mattress: A Nature-Inclusive Design for shoreline and offshore construction | Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Minimizing habitat conflicts in meeting net-zero energy targets in the western United States | Wu, G.; Jones, R.; Leslie, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes | |
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework | Southall, B.; Tollit, D.; Amaral, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Evolution of Marine Noise Pollution Management | Dolman, S.; Jasny, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland | Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland | Pustkowiak, S.; Banaszak-Cibicka, W.; Mielczarek, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes | |
Evaluating anthropogenic landscape alterations as wildlife hazards, with wind farms as an example | Law, P.; Fuller, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes | |
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] | Goodale, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries | Kabir, M.; Sree, N.; Khatod, K.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts |
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