The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type Sort descending | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume III: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts | Sheppard, C. | Book | Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in the Hellweg Börde, North Rhine-Westphalia | Joest, R.; Griesenbrock, B.; Illner, H. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Raptors, Birds | |
Telemetric Monitoring of Montagu’s Harrier in Schleswig-Holstein | Grajetzky, B.; Nehls, G. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Effects of Individuals Lost Due to Wind Turbines on the Time of Occupying a Territory, the Survival of Breeding Territories and the Breeding Success of White-Tailed Sea Eagles (Case Studies) | Grunkorn, T.; Nehls, G. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus | Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds in Evros and Rhodopi, Greece: Preliminary results | Ruiz, G.; Poirazidis, K.; Schindler, S. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast | Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents | Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity | Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance | Fredianelli, L.; Carpita, S.; Licitra, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | |
Development of Regulatory Requirements for Wind Turbines in Alberta | DeGagne, D.; Lewis, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor | Peron, G.; Fleming, C.; Duriez, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements | Becker, F.; Millikin, R.; Leslie, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Behavioural and Environmental Correlates of Soaring-Bird Mortality at On-Shore Wind Turbines | Barrios, L.; Rodríguez, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Evolution of Marine Noise Pollution Management | Dolman, S.; Jasny, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Recovery of raptors from displacement by wind farms – a response | Santos, C.; Marques, A.; May, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Underwater noise abatement: Economic factors and policy options | Merchant, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries: A Literature Review | Bat, L.; Sezgin, M.; Sahin, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | |
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) | Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Collision, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement | Dahl, E.; Bevanger, K.; Nygård, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models | Chamberlain, D.; Rehfisch, M.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds | |
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms | Ferrer, M.; Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Effects of Weather on Avian Migration at Proposed Ridgeline Wind Energy Sites | Thomas, P.; Labrosse, A.; Pomeroy, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Effects of wind farms and food scarcity on a large scavenging bird species following an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy | Martinez-Abrain, A.; Tavecchia, G.; Regan, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) | Husby, M.; Pearson, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework | Southall, B.; Tollit, D.; Amaral, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Wind turbines in managed forests partially displace common birds | Rehling, F.; Delius, A.; Ellerbrok, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations | Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
A Special Purpose: The Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Wind Energy | Rose, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds | Marques, A.,; Santos, C.; Hanssen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Raptors | |
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm | Dohm, R.; Jennelle, C.; Garvin, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Challenge and Future Options to Address Anthropogenic Underwater Noise | Maruf, M. | Journal Article | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms | Cooper, S.; Chan, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Green Dilemma of Wind Farm on Avifauna: Future Ecological Considerations of Wind Energy Expansion in Ethiopia | Mulualem, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent | Farfan, M.; Díaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive | Merchant, N.; Putland, R.; André, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis | Husby, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
Guideline for underwater noise: Installation of impact or vibratory driven piles | Danish Energy Agency | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Assessment of Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Facilities on the Marine Environment | Müller, A.; Juretzek, C.; Boethling, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California | Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Making the Case for the Sound Management of Marine Protected Areas | Bell, E.; Brennan, R.; Nickell, T.; et al. | Report | Noise | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
JUMP Deliverable 5.1: Regulatory Framework for underwater noise monitoring in Portugal | Cruz, E.; Outeiro, J.; Simao, A.; et al. | Report | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 | Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide | Jones, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables | Iberdrola Renewables | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
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