The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B.; Halpin, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island | HDR | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
The influence of wind turbine visibility on the health of local residents: a systematic review | Freiberg, A.; Schefter, C.; Hegewald, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Lighting, Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Navigation | |
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises | Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Assessment of the acoustic effects on marine animals by an offshore wind farm. | Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Underwater noise abatement: Economic factors and policy options | Merchant, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
The Potential of Natural Sounds to Mask Wind Turbine Noise | Bolin, K.; Nilsson, M.; Khan, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Determining the impact of pile-driving activity on the spatio-temporal distribution of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Piesinger, G. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling | Denes, S.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zeddies, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Human Perception of Sound from Wind Turbines | Pedersen, E.; Forssén, J.; Waye, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Effect of Pile-Driving Playback Sound Level on Fish-Catching Efficiency in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) | Kastelein, R.; Huijser, L.; Cornelisse, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) | Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Statutory Nature Conservation Agency Protocol for Minimising the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals from Piling Noise | Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
The Effect of a Large Danish Offshore Wind Farm on Harbor and Gray Seal Haul-Out Behavior | Edrén, S.; Andersen, S.; Teilmann, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals | |
Adapting Offshore Wind Power Foundations to Local Environment | Hammar, L.; Andersson, S.; Rosenberg, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Physical Environment, Invertebrates | |
Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk | Hastie, G.; Merchant, N.; Götz, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Monitoring annoyance and stress effects of wind turbines on nearby residents | Hübner, G.; Pohl, J.; Hoen, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Wind turbine audibility and noise annoyance in a national U.S. survey: Individual perception and influencing factors | Haac, T.; Kaliski, K.; Landis, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time | Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Is There a Conflict Between Cetacean Conservation and Marine Renewable-Energy Developments? | Brown, V.; Simmonds, M. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Assessing Underwater Noise Levels during Pile-Driving at an Offshore Windfarm and its Potential Effects on Marine Mammals | Bailey, H.; Senior, B.; Simmons, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Assessing the Responses of Coastal Cetaceans to the Construction of Offshore Wind Turbines | Thompson, P.; Lusseau, D.; Barton, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
An Analysis of the Potential Acoustic Effects of Cape Wind's Offshore Wind Farm on Marine Mammal Populations | Burgman, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
The politics of evidence: Conflicting social commitments and environmental priorities in the debate over wind energy and public health | Taylor, J.; Klenk, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | |
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies | Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Reducing offshore pile driving noise: Modification of the hammer impulse | Klages, E.; Von Pein, J.; Lippert, S.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria | Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Using dose–response functions to improve calculations of the impact of anthropogenic noise | Tyack, P.; Thomas, L. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
PivotBuoy An Advanced System for Cost-effective and Reliable Mooring, Connection, Installation & Operation of Floating Wind D4.1: Test site environmental conditions | Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN) | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches | Wochner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
The Potential Health Impact of Wind Turbines | Chief Medical Officer of Heath of Ontario | Report | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance | Fredianelli, L.; Carpita, S.; Licitra, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions |
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