Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland BlueWise Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Settlement success of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) on different types of hard substrate to support reef development in offshore wind farms ter Hofstede, R.; Witte, S.; Kamermans, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Field data-based correlation between scour at offshore wind farms (OWFs) and hydrodynamic drivers Ludwig, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Residency and habitat use of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Wilcockson, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental benthos survey, Hywind Scotland Moskeland, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Metabarcoding of sediment eDNA communities at the Hywind Scotland OWF – A pilot study Hestetun, J.; Dahlgren, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Offshore Wind Energy and Marine Biodiversity in the North Sea: Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Benthic Communities Li, C.; Coolen, J.; Scherer, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment
Increased food availability at offshore wind farms affects trophic ecology of plaice Pleuronectes platessa Buyse, J.; Hostens, K.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
Offshore wind farm construction is noisy – but gadgets used to protect marine mammals are working Graham, I. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Windfarms, fishing and benthic recovery: Overlaps, risks and opportunities Dunkley, F.; Solandt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Quantifying the land-based opportunity carbon costs of onshore wind farms Albanito, F.; Roberts, S.; Shepherd, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Decommissioning Programme Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Artificial hard-substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Karlsson, R.; Tivefälth, M.; Duranović, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Glider study at Hywind Scotland Ramasco, V. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm Post-Construction Monitoring Year 2 (2021): Benthic Grab Survey Report Markham, C.; Hubble, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Hywind Scotland Ornithological Monitoring Programme: Overwintering distributions of common guillemot and razorbill populations in Eastern Scotland Bogdanova, M.; Buckingham, L.; Newell, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Hornsea Three Environmental Monitoring Plan for Impacts Associated with Cable Protection Royal Haskoning DHV Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Exploring the role of offshore wind in restoring priority marine habitats Robertson, M.; Locke, S.; Uttley, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Moray East Construction Survey Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Adaptive responses to landscape changes from onshore wind energy development in the Republic of Ireland Hallan, C.; González, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles
Hywind Scotland Artificial Substrate Colonisation Survey MMT Sweden Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Structure in a sea of sand: fish abundance in relation to man-made structures in the North Sea Wright, S.; Lynam, C.; Righton, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
Seabird Population Trends and Causes of Change: 1986-2018 Report Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor Jakubowska, M.; Urban-Malinga, B.; Otremba, Z.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Moray East Pre-Construction Survey Campaign Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Potential effects of electrical energy transmission - the case study from the Polish Marine Areas (southern Baltic Sea) Otremba, Z.; Jakubowska, M.; Urban-Malinga, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Programme Ørsted Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Biodiversity Characterisation of Fouling Communities and Their Hydrodynamic Consequences on Marine Renewable Energy Infrastructure in the UK Want, A.; Harris, R.; Porter, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Connectivity of larval stages of sedentary marine communities between hard substrates and offshore structures in the North Sea van der Molen, J.; García-García, L.; Whomersley, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Ocean sprawl facilitates dispersal and connectivity of protected species Henry, L.; Mayorga-Adame, C.; Fox, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Renewables: Linking Concepts for Implementation. A Case Study from Scotland MacDonald, A. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The large-scale impact of offshore wind farm structures on pelagic primary productivity in the southern North Sea Slavik, K.; Lemmen, C.; Zhang, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Marine Scotland Review of Approaches and Costs of Decommissioning Offshore Wind Installations Public Report Marine Scotland Science Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The association of windmills with conservation of pollinating insects and wild plants in homogeneous farmland of western Poland Pustkowiak, S.; Banaszak-Cibicka, W.; Mielczarek, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project Plan for Construction Activities 2017 Statoil Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Recreational Use of Offshore Wind Farms: Experiences and Opinions of Sea Anglers in the UK Hooper, T.; Hattam, C.; Austen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus population trends in relation to wind farms Wilson, M.; Fernandex-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Effects of Wind Turbines on Spatial Distribution of the European Hamster Łopucki, R.; Perzanowski, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Civil Engineering Aspects of a Wind Farm and Wind Turbine Structures Bhattacharya, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Constraints on Development of Wind Energy in Poland due to Environmental Objectives. Is There Space in Poland for Wind Farm Siting? Hajto, M.; Cichocki, Z.; Bidlasik, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions

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