Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae) Cantlay, J.; Portugal, S.; Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
How is cumulative seabird displacement from offshore wind farms assessed and verified, and what does current and future cumulative displacement look like? Hall, R. Thesis Wind Energy Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Harbour porpoise responses to the installation of XXL monopiles without noise abatement; implications for noise management in the Southern North Sea Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Hastie, G.; Brown, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
A new method for quantifying redistribution of seabirds within operational offshore wind farms finds no evidence of within-wind farm displacement Trinder, M.; O'Brien, S.; Deimel, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Seabirds
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Offshore construction using gravity-base foundations indicates no long-term impacts on dolphins and harbour porpoise Potlock, K.; Temple, A.; Berggren, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Final Report for the study period 2020-2021 Tjørnløv, R.; Skov, H.; Armitage, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms Graham, I.; Gillespie, D.; Gkikopoulou, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Comparing distribution of harbour porpoise using generalized additive models and hierarchical Bayesian models with integrated nested laplace approximation Williamson, L.; Scott, B.; Laxton, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Development of a Novel Physiology Tag to Measure Oxygen Consumption in Free-Ranging Seabirds McKnight, C.; Bogdanova, M.; Butler, A.; et al. Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Passive acoustic tracking of the three-dimensional movements and acoustic behaviour of toothed whales in close proximity to static nets Macaulay, G.; Kingston, A.; Coram, A.; et al. Journal Article Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Auditory impairment from acoustic seal deterrents predicted for harbour porpoises in a marine protected area Findlay, C.; Aleynik, D.; Farcas, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Far-Field Effects of Impulsive Noise on Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Brookes, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Annual report for April 2020 – October 2020 Tjørnløv, R.; Skov, H.; Armitage, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
A bird's-eye view on turbulence: seabird foraging associations with evolving surface flow features Lieber, L.; Langrock, R.; Nimmo-Smith, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J.; Jeavons, R.; Deakin, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabird Survey Designs for the East Coast of Scotland Donovan, C.; Caneco, B. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Review Of Demographic Parameters And Sensitivity Analysis To Inform Inputs And Outputs Of Population Consequences Of Disturbance Assessments For Marine Mammals Sinclair, R.; Sparling, C.; Harwood, J. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Regional baselines for marine mammal knowledge across the North Sea and Atlantic areas of Scottish waters Hague, E.; Sinclair, R.; Sparling, C. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Scoping Study: Regional Population Viability Analysis for Key Bird Species CR/2016/16 Searle, K.; Butler, A.; Bogdanova, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Using stated preference valuation in the offshore environment to support marine planning Börger, T.; Hooper, T.; Austen, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Matches and Mismatches Between Seabird Distributions Estimated From At-Sea Surveys and Concurrent Individual-Level Tracking Carroll, M.; Wakefield, E.; Scragg, E.; et al. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Changing distribution of the east coast of Scotland bottlenose dolphin population and the challenges of area‐based management Civil, M.; Quick, N.; Cheney, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Spatial Planning, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Cetaceans
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Fine scale spatial variability in the influence of environmental cycles on the occurrence of dolphins at coastal sites Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Cornulier, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Improving understanding of bottlenose dolphin movements along the east coast of Scotland (Interim Report 2019) Arso Civil, M.; Louis, M.; Hague, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Scottish Waters East Region Regional Sectoral Marine Plan Strategic Ornithology Study: final report Searle, K.; Butler, A.; Mobbs, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Interim Guidance on apportioning impacts from marine renewable developments to breeding seabird populations in SPAs Scottish Natural Heritage Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Estimating Seabird Flight Height using LiDAR Cook, A.; Ward, R.; Hansen, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Black Guillemot Ecology in Relation to Tidal Stream Energy Generation: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Information Gaps Johnston, D.; Furness, R.; Robbins, A.; et al. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabird Counts at North Caithness Cliffs SPA in 2015 and 2016 for Marine Renewable Casework Swann, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Seabird counts at St Abb's Head to Fast Castle SPA in 2016 for Marine Renewables Casework Swann, B. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm Vallejo, G.; Grellier, K.; Nelson, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species Wakefield, E.; Owen, E.; Baer, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Remotely sensed wind speed predicts soaring behaviour in a wide-ranging pelagic seabird Gibb, R.; Shoji, A.; Fayet, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Using the Interim PCoD framework to assess the potential impacts of offshore wind developments in Eastern English Waters on harbour porpoises in the North Sea Booth, C.; Harwood, J.; Plunkett, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Broad-Scale Acoustic Monitoring for Cetaceans and Underwater Noise in Relation to Offshore Wind Farm Construction in Scotland Brookes, K.; Edwards, E.; Merchant, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction Graham, I.; Pirotta, E.; Merchant, N.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Modelling flight heights of Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Great Skuas from GPS: a Bayesian approach Ross-Smith, V.; Thaxter, C.; Masden, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Measurement and characterisation of radiated underwater sound from a 3.6 MW monopile wind turbine Pangerc, T.; Theobald, P.; Wang, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Testing sensitivity of metrics of seabird population response to offshore wind farm effects Cook, A.; Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Seabird Counts at East Caithness Cliffs SPA for Marine Renewable Casework Swann, B. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds

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