Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Effectiveness of operational mitigation in reducing bat mortality and an assessment of bat and bird fatalities at the Sheffield Wind Facility, Vermont Martin, C. Thesis Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Limited Impact of a Small Residential Wind Turbine on Birds on an Off-Shore Island in Maine Morris, S.; Stumpe, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Empirical Evidence for Factors Affecting Searcher Efficiency and Scavenging Rates at a Coastal, Terrestrial Wind-Power Facility Peters, K.; Mizrahi, D.; Allen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Nest Survival of Red-Winged Blackbirds in Agricultural Areas Developed for Wind Energy Gillespie, M.; Dinsmore, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Passerines, Birds
Assessing the Influence of Wind Turbines and Land-use on Mortality Risk of Avian Species on the Llano Estacado with Emphasis on Birds of Prey Linner, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy for Invenergy's Pleasant Ridge Wind Project Invenergy Canada Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Historical Challenges of Wind Energy/Wildlife Interactions: How This May Affect Distributed Wind Sinclair, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Assessing Bat and Bird Fatality Risk at Wind Farm Sites using Acoustic Detectors Heist, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
No evidence of displacement due to wind turbines in breeding grassland birds Hale, A.; Hatchett, E.; Meyer, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development Watson, J.; Duff, A.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Fuzzy Clustering in Avian Infrared Imagery Application Mirzaei, G.; Ross, J.; Jamali, M.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Comprehensive Three Year Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Design and Initial Component Tests of an Integrated Avian and Bat Collision Detection System for Offshore Wind Turbines Flowers, J.; Albertani, R.; Harrison, T.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Collision Risk and Micro-Avoidance Rates of Birds with Wind Turbines in Flanders Everaert, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Construction and Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan Block Island Wind Farm Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Assessing Risk to Birds from Industrial Wind Energy Development via Paired Resource Selection Models Miller, T.; Brooks, R.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Bird–building collisions in the United States: Estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability Loss, S.; Will, T.; Loss, S.; et al. Journal Article Collision Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions
Effects of Wind Energy Development on Survival of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens Winder, V.; NcNew, L.; Gregory, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Estimates of Bird Collision Mortality at Wind Facilities in the Contiguous United States of America Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bird Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility near a Wetland of International Importance Grodsky, S.; Jennelle, C.; Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Final 2012-2013 Annual Report Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Vasco Winds, LLC Brown, K.; Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Long-Term Trends in Fatality Rates of Birds and Bats in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Is Male-Biased Collision Mortality of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in Florida Associated with Flock Behavior Folk, M.; Dellinger, T.; Leone, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Application of GIS and Spatial Analysis of Golden Eagle Fatalities Caused by Wind Turbines at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Pinger, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Year Two Annual Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Assessment at the Lewes Wind Turbine University of Delaware College of Earth, Ocean and Environment Buler, J.; Horton, K.; Shriver, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Optimizing Wind Power Generation while Minimizing Wildlife Impacts in an Urban Area Bohrer, G.; Zhu, K.; Jones, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W.; Newman, J.; Wolpert, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D.; Nations, C.; Lout, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Mortalities at Wind Energy Facilities in the Contiguous United States Pagel, J.; Kritz, K.; Millsap, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Flight Paths of Migrating Golden Eagles and the Risk Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Rocky Mountains Johnson, N.; Bradley, J.; Pomeroy, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Migratory Stopover of Songbirds in the Western Lake Erie Basin Johnson, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-caused Bat and Bird Fatality: Final Report Drake, D.; Schumacher, S.; Sponsler, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Acoustic Monitoring Techniques for Avian Detection and Classification Mirzaei, G.; Majid, M.; Ross, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Wildlife from Wind Energy Development in Arizona Arizona Game and Fish Department Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region Forcey, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Topography drives migratory flight altitude of golden eagles: implications for on-shore wind energy development Katzner, T.; Brandes, D.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Using a Shore Bird (Red Knot) Fitted with Geolocators to Evaluate a Conceptual Risk Model Focusing on Offshore Wind Burger, J.; Niles, L.; Porter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Shorebirds, Birds
Development of a Cost Minimizing Strategy to Mitigate Bird Mortalities in a Wind Farm Singh, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Pre-Construction Avian and Bat Survey Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Testing an Emerging Paradigm in Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences in Efficiency between Flight Modes Duerr, A.; Miller, T.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm – Phase III - Year 1 Avian and Bat Monitoring Report Enk, T.; Bay, K.; Sonnenberg, M.; et al. Report Collision Bats, Birds
2011 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D.; Lout, M.; Courage, Z.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D.; Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats

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