Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Evaluating the Benefits of Noise Reduction Mitigation: The ECHO Program Malinka, C.; Tollit, D.; Trounce, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Implications of wind and vessel noise on the sound fields experienced by southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca in the Salish Sea Burnham, R.; Vagle, S.; Thupaki, P.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects of pile driving sound on local movement of free-ranging Atlantic cod in the Belgian North Sea Auteurs van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey Tercan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
A field comparison of marine mammal detections via visual, acoustic, and infrared (IR) imaging methods offshore Atlantic Canada Smith, H.; Zitterbart, D.; Norris, T.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Preliminary Results: Exploring Why Some Families Living in Proximity to Wind Turbine Facilities Contemplate Vacating Their Homes—A Community-Based Study Krogh, C.; McMurtry, R.; Dumbrille, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Soundscape characterization in a dynamic acoustic environment: Grand Passage, Nova Scotia, a planned in-stream tidal energy site Lombardi, A.; Hay, A.; Barclay, D. Conference Paper Noise
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Evaluating Threats in Multinational Marine Ecosystems: A Coast Salish First Nations and Tribal Perspective Gaydos, J.; Thixton, S.; Donatuto, J. Journal Article Chemicals, Collision, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Acoustic stress responses in juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax induced by offshore pile driving Debusschere, E.; Hostens, K.; Adriaens, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Impacts of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Life: Publication Patterns, New Discoveries, and Future Directions in Research and Management Williams, R.; Wright, A.; Ashe, E.; et al. Journal Article Noise Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Noise Impact - Wind Farms in Quebec Meunier, M.; Savard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
A GIS-Multicriteria Approach to Analyzing Noise and Visual Impacts of Wind Farms Fang, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions
In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations Dubusschere, E.; de Coensel, B.; Bajek, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Marine Mammals and Ocean Noise: Future Directions and Information Needs with Respect to Science, Policy and Law in Canada Williams, R.; Ashe, E.; Blight, L.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats Ford, J.; Nichol, L. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Airborne Sound Propagation Over Sea During Offshore Wind Farm Piling Van Renterghem, T.; Botteldooren, D.; Dekoninck, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Final Report: Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Digby Neck Wind Farm Craig, C.; Kearney, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds
Differentiating Between Underwater Construction Noise of Monopile and Jacket Foundations for Offshore Windmills: A Case Study from the Belgian Part of the North Sea Norro, A.; Rumes, B.; Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Canadian Estimate of Bird Mortality Due to Collisions and Direct Habitat Loss Associated with Wind Turbine Developments Zimmerling, J.; Pomeroy, A.; d'Entremont, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada Calvert, A.; Bishop, C.; Elliot, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Averaging Underwater Noise Levels for Environmental Assessment of Shipping Merchant, N.; Blondel, P.; Dakin, D.; et al. Journal Article Noise
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Bird and Bird Habitats: Guidelines for Wind Power Projects Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Bats and Bat Habitats: Guidelines for Wind Power Projects Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Effects of Weather on Avian Migration at Proposed Ridgeline Wind Energy Sites Thomas, P.; Labrosse, A.; Pomeroy, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The Potential Health Impact of Wind Turbines Chief Medical Officer of Heath of Ontario Report Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Exposure to Seismic Survey Alters Blue Whale Acoustic Communication Di Iorio, L.; Clark, C. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Underwater Noise Produced by the Piling Activities During the Construction of the Belwind Offshore Wind Farm (Bligh Bank, Belgian Marine Waters) Norro, A.; Haelters, J.; Rumes, B.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
An Investigation of the Wind Induced Background Sound Levels in Rural Areas for Existing and Proposed Wind Farms Bonsma, I.; Munro, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Wind Turbine Noise and Meteorological Influences Ramakrishnan, R.; Sylvestre-Williams, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
MER Offshore Windmolenpark Bligh Bank Belwind NV De Sutter, R.; Volckaet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Belwind Environmental Impact Study: Non-Technical Summary De Sutter, R.; Volckaet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
The effect of vessel noise on the vocal behavior of belugas in the St. Lawrence River estuary, Canada Lesage, V.; Barrette, C.; Kingsley, M.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Development of Regulatory Requirements for Wind Turbines in Alberta DeGagne, D.; Lewis, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Acoustic and Geophysical Measurement of Infrasound from Wind Farm Turbines Hepburn, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise

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