Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae) Cantlay, J.; Portugal, S.; Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Influence of wind on kittiwake Rissa tridactyla flight and offshore wind turbine collision risk Davies, J.; Boersch-Supan, P.; Clewley, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland Fielding, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia Reid, K.; Baker, G.; Woehler, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Seabirds
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model Masden, E.; Cook, A.; McCluskie, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
A bird's-eye view on turbulence: seabird foraging associations with evolving surface flow features Lieber, L.; Langrock, R.; Nimmo-Smith, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Migratory movements of British and Irish Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna: a review of ringing data and a pilot tracking study to inform potential interactions with offshore wind farms in the North Sea Green, R.; Burton, N.; Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J.; Jeavons, R.; Deakin, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Using stated preference valuation in the offshore environment to support marine planning Börger, T.; Hooper, T.; Austen, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental impacts of decommissioning: Onshore versus offshore wind farms Hall, R.; João, E.; Knapp, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site Law, C.; Lancaster, L.; Hall, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Reptiles
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S.; Masden, E.; Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation Cook, S.; Palmer, G.; Hill, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Matches and Mismatches Between Seabird Distributions Estimated From At-Sea Surveys and Concurrent Individual-Level Tracking Carroll, M.; Wakefield, E.; Scragg, E.; et al. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Black Guillemot Ecology in Relation to Tidal Stream Energy Generation: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Information Gaps Johnston, D.; Furness, R.; Robbins, A.; et al. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm Vallejo, G.; Grellier, K.; Nelson, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species Wakefield, E.; Owen, E.; Baer, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Remotely sensed wind speed predicts soaring behaviour in a wide-ranging pelagic seabird Gibb, R.; Shoji, A.; Fayet, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Modelling flight heights of Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Great Skuas from GPS: a Bayesian approach Ross-Smith, V.; Thaxter, C.; Masden, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking Furness, R.; Trinder, M.; MacArthur, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision Birds
Coastal Impact of Onshore Wind Farms in Australia Harvey, N.; Dew, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Underwater Noise Modelling for Environmental Impact Assessment Farcas, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Seabird-Wind Farm Interactions During the Breeding Season Vary Within and Between Years: A Case Study of Lesser Black-Backed Gull Larus fuscus in the UK Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J.; Fuentes-Montemayor, E.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Wind Energy Planning: Lessons from the United Kingdom and Germany Phylip-Jones, J.; Fischer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic assessment of collision risk of Scottish offshore wind farms to migrating birds Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT) Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) Movements at Sea in Relation to Marine Renewable Energy Developments Wade, H.; Masden, E.; Jackson, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Upland Land use Predicts Population Decline in a Globally Near-Threatened Wader Douglas, D.; Bellamy, P.; Stephen, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Modelling Flight Heights of Marine Birds to More Accurately Assess Collision Risk with Offshore Wind Turbines Johnston, A.; Cook, A.; Wright, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Quantifying the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Gannet Populations: A Strategic Ringing Project Furness, R.; Wanless, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing Vulnerability of Marine Bird Populations to Offshore Wind Farms Furness, R.; Wade, H.; Masden, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Behavior and Turbine Avoidance Rates of Eagles at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia Hull, C.; Muir, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Remote Sensing Image Data and Automated Analysis to Describe Marine Bird Distributions and Abundances Groom, G.; Stjernholm, M.; Nielsen, R.; et al. Journal Article Birds
Individual Consistency in the Foraging Behaviour of Northern Gannets: Implications for Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Developments Soanes, L.; Atkinson, P.; Gauvain, R.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Avian Collisions at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia: Taxonomic and Ecological Characteristics of Colliders Versus Non-Colliders Hull, C.; Stark, E.; Peruzzo, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Evaluating the Statistical Power of Detecting Changes in the Abundance of Seabirds at Sea Maclean, I.; Rehfisch, M.; Skov, H.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Diurnal and nocturnal ranging behaviour by moorland-breeding Short-eared Owls Asio flammeus in Scotland Calladine, J.; Morrison, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds

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