Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Distance-Based Sampling Methods for Assessing the Ecological Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Synthesis and Application to Fisheries Resource Studies Methratta, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
A bird of two hemispheres: An examination of Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni) ecology across a landscape of increasing wind energy development Watson, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Scott, K.; Harsanyi, P.; Easton, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Workgroup Report on Sound and Vibration Effects on Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Popper, A.; Hice-Dunton, L.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds Solé, M.; Lenoir, M.; Fortuno, J-M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
New England Wind COP Appendix II-H: 2016-2020 Benthic Reports Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) ICES Working Group on Marine Renewable Energy (WGMRE) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Windfarm Footprint of Sediment Organic Matter Mineralization Processes De Borger, E.; Ivanov, E.; Capet, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J.; Stanton, J.; Beston, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Vibrational noise from wind energy-turbines negatively impacts earthworm abundance Velilla, E.; Collinson, E.; Bellato, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Invertebrates
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, Volume 1: Biological Site Characterization Offshore Morro Bay Kuhnz, L.; Gilbane, L.; Cochrane, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Characterisation of the Potential Impacts of Subsea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Renewable Energy Projects Taormina, B.; Quillienn, N.; Lejart, M.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan Ørsted; Eversource Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Insect fatalities at wind turbines as biodiversity sinks Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Invertebrates
Vineyard Wind 2020 Survey Season Annual Report: American Lobster, Black Sea Bass, Larval Lobster Abundance Survey, and Lobster Tagging Study of the 501N Study Area Stokesbury, K.; Cassidy, K.; Lowery, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf Friedland, K.; Methratta, E.; Gill, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Habitat use by post-fledging white-tailed eagles shows avoidance of human infrastructure and agricultural areas Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Brommer, J.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Scale Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Structure in a Tidal System Raoux, A.; Robin, I.; Pezy, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
ECO Wind Factsheet ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-G2: 2020 Benthic Assessment Report Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Dauksis, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Biological Environmental Background Report for the Gulf of Mexico OCS Region Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Final Technical Report: A Heterogeneous System for Eagle Detection, Deterrent, and Wildlife Collision Detection for Wind Turbines Albertani, R.; Clocker, K.; Hu, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration Santos, C.; Ferraz, R.; Muñoz, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Modelling the habitat selection of the bearded vulture to predict areas of potential conflict with wind energy development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S.; Lörcher, F.; Hegglin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Raptors
Exploring the role of offshore wind in restoring priority marine habitats Robertson, M.; Locke, S.; Uttley, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Final Environmental Assessment Leaning Juniper I Wind Facility Eagle Incidental Take Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
South Fork Wind Farm and South Fork Export Cable Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy EMF Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms Hutchison, Z.; Secor, D.; Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farm Artificial Reefs Affect Ecosystem Structure and Functioning: A Synthesis Degraer, S.; Carey, D.; Coolen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Energy and Benthic Habitat Changes: Lessons from Block Island Wind Farm Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned Carey, D.; Wilber, D.; Read, L.; et al. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Acoustic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Fishery Resources: An Evolving Source and Varied Effects Across a Wind Farm’s Lifetime Mooney, T.; Andersson, M.; Stanley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms? Bell, A.; von der Au, M.; Regnery, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Moray East Construction Survey Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
SEER Factsheet SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Synthesis of the Science Workshop: Day 1 Summary Consensus Building Institute Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Limited accessibility and bias in wildlife-wind energy knowledge: A bilingual systematic review of a globally distributed bird group Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Fish assemblages of three common artificial reef designs during early colonization Hylkema, A.; Debrot, A.; Osinga, R.; et al. Journal Article Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island - Project Report Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
South Fork Wind Fisheries Research and Monitoring Plan South Fork Wind; INSPIRE Environmental Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Automated Identification of Fish and Other Aquatic Life in Underwater Video Blowers, S.; Evans, J.; McNally, K. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems Squires, J.; Olson, L.; Wallace, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors

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