The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea | Van Maele, T.; Desplenter, N.; Van Aken, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Maiden Wind Farm Benton County, Washington Final SEPA Environmental Impact Statement and Final NEPA Environmental Impact Statement | Bonneville Power Administration | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Measuring the Interaction Between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Final Report | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Clark, N.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Habitat Use, Disturbance and Collision Risks for Bewick's Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii Wintering Near a Wind Farm in the Netherlands | Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Tijsen, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Migrating Waterbirds | Piper, W.; Kulik, G.; Durinck, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects of an Offshore Oil Platform on the Distribution and Abundance of Commercially Important Crab Species | Page, H.; Dugan, J.; Dugan, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Development of Spatial Information Layers for Commercial Fishing and Shellfishing in UK Waters to Support Strategic Siting of Offshore Windfarms | Dunstone, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy: Birds and Bats | Island Institute | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds, Bats | |
Birds and Offshore Wind Farms: A Hot Topic in Marine Ecology | Exo, K.; Hüppop, O.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Assessment of the Effects of Offshore Wind in Birds | Percival, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Changes in Bird Habitat Utilisation around the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm, with Particular Emphasis on Common Scoter | Petersen, I.; Fox, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Seabirds, Birds | |
Renewable Energy and Land Use in India: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development | Kiesecker, J.; Baruch-Mordo, S.; Heiner, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Barriers to Movement: Impacts of Wind Farms on Migrating Birds | Masden, E.; Haydon, D.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Marine Bird Distribution Along the Oregon Coast | Suryan, R.; Phillips, E.; So, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change | Seabirds, Birds | |
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark | Petersen, I.; Christensen, T.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Impact Assessment of an Off-shore Wind Park on Sea Ducks | Guillemette, M.; Larsen, J.; Clausager, I. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea | Tidbury, H.; Taylor, N.; van der Molen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Migration and Habitat Use by Seabirds in the Atlantic Flyway: Evaluation of Potential Impacts of Proposed Wind Farms | Berlin, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Sediment Deposition Following Construction of a Breakwater Harbor: Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, Rhode Island, USA | Oakley, B.; Murphy, C.; Lee, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions | ||
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas | Crespo, G.; Mossop, J.; Dunn, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site | Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish | |
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Fish and Fisheries Study | Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Energy Development and Production in the Great Plains: Implications and Mitigation Opportunities | Ott, J.; Hanberry, B.; Khalil, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report | Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Automatic Segregation of Pelagic Habitats | Plonus, R-M.; Vogl, S.; Floeter, J. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Pfeiffer, M.; Ralston-Paton, S. | Guidance | Wind Energy | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Advancing Migratory Bird Conservation and Management by Using Radar: An Interagency Collaboration | Ruth, J.; Barrow, W.; Sojda,R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Navigation | |
The Maritime Environment Impact Assessment of Offshore Floating Wind Power in Ulsan - A Focus on Habitat Equivalence Analysis | Choi, S-Y.; Moon, B-S.; Kim, T-G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effect of wind farms on wintering ducks at an important wintering ground in China along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway | Zhao, S.; Xu, H.; Song, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Constraints on Development of Wind Energy in Poland due to Environmental Objectives. Is There Space in Poland for Wind Farm Siting? | Hajto, M.; Cichocki, Z.; Bidlasik, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2018 Annual Report | Anderson, P.; Aldridge, C.; Alexander, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
An indicator for assessing the status of marine-bird habitats affected by multiple human activities: A novel statistical approach | Mercker, M.; Dierschke, V.; Camphuysen, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model | Roman, P.; Salinas, C.; Araujo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring | Reichert, B.; Bayless, M.; Cheng, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation | Hammar, L.; Perry, D.; Gullström, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A Multi-Criteria Approach to Evaluate Floating Offshore Wind Farms Siting in the Canary Islands (Spain) | Díaz, H.; Soares, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning |
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