The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology Sort ascending | Stressor | Receptor |
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Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Spawning and nursery grounds of selected fish species in UK waters | Ellis, C.; Milligan, S.; Readdy, L.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Monitoring and Modeling Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Occurrence Using Acoustics on Structures off the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications for Offshore Wind Development | True, M.; Reynolds, R.; Ford, W. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats | |
Oceanic records of North American bats and implications for offshore wind energy development in the United States | Solick, D.; Newman, C. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction | Bats | |
The Effect of Simulated Seal Scarer Sounds on Harbour Porpoises | Hermannsen, L.; Mikkelsen, L.; Tougaard, J. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
First year post-construction monitoring of bats and birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild | Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Habitat Mapping and Assessment of Northeast Wind Energy Areas | Guida, V.; Drohan, A.; Welch, H.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Making Marine Noise Pollution Impacts Heard: The Case of Cetaceans in the North Sea within Life Cycle Impact Assessment | Middel, H.; Verones, F. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Offshore wind energy resource assessment under techno-economic and social-ecological constraints | Magar, V.; Gross, M.; González-García, L. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.) | Mendel, B.; Schwemmer, P.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Atlantic Deepwater Ecosystem Observatory Network (ADEON): An Integrated System for Long-Term Monitoring of Ecological and Human Factors on the Outer Continental Shelf | Miksis-Olds, J.; Martin, B.; Warren, J.; et al. | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Linking ecosystem services with epibenthic biodiversity change following installation of offshore wind farms | Causon, P.; Gill, A. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Delivering Net Zero: the role of Offshore Renewable Energy A COP26 Briefing note prepared by the Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy Hub | Greaves, D.; Richards, L.; White, D.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | |||
Over the sea and far away? A consideration of the planning, politics and public perception of offshore wind farms | Haggett, C. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | ||
Munitions and Explosives of Concern Survey Methodology and In-Field Testing for Wind Energy Areas on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf | Carton, G.; DuVal, C.; Trembanis, A.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | |||
Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef | Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Hendriksen, O.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Modeling Wildlife Densities and Habitat Use Across Temporal and Spatial Scales on the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf: Annual Report for the First Budget Period | Williams, K. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Birds | |
New York Department of State Offshore Atlantic Ocean Study | New York Department of State | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds | ||
High-Resolution Aerial Imaging Surveys of Marine Birds, Mammals, and Turtles on the US Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf - Utility Assessment, Methodology Recommendations, and Implementation Tools | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
How loud is the underwater noise from operating offshore wind turbines? | Tougaard, J.; Hermannsen, L.; Madsen, P. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Wind Farm - Kriegers Flak: Environmental Impact Assessment | Sweden Offshore Wind AB | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Marine Mammals - Investigations and preparation of environmental impact assessment for Kriegers Flak Offshore Wind Farm | Dietz, R.; Galatius, A.; Mikkelsen, L.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Disturbance Effects on the Harbour Porpoise Population in the North Sea (DEPONS): Status report on model development | van Beest, F.; Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
A Case Study of Whistle Detection and Localization for Humpback Dolphins in Taiwan | Hung, C.; Chu, W.; Li, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Red Kite | Mammen, K.; Mammen, U.; Resetaritz, A. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Assess the Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy | Pezy, J.; Raoux, A.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes | ||
Avoidance Behaviour of Migrating Raptors Approaching an Offshore Wind Farm | Jacobsen, E.; Jensen, F.; Blew, J. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind | Raptors | ||
The First Large-Scale Offshore Aerial Survey Using a High-Resolution Camera System | McGovern, S.; Wilmott, J.; Lampman, G.; et al. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind | |||
Automatic Bird Identification for Offshore Wind Farms | Niemi, J.; Tanttu, J. | Book Chapter | Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
MUSSEL CULTIVATION AS A CO-USE IN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY | Buck, B.; Ebeling, M.; Michler-Cieluch, T. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Stakeholder Perceptions of the Wave Hub Development in Cornwall, UK. | West, J.; Bailey, I.; Whithead, I. | Conference Paper | Fixed Offshore Wind | Stakeholder Engagement | ||
North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis occurrence in offshore wind energy areas near Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA | Leiter, S.; Stone, K.; Thompson, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St. Nikola" territory and the Kaliakra region in winter 2016/2017 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Waterfowl | ||
Kitty Hawk North Wind COP Appendix T: Offshore Bat Acoustic Survey Report | Tetra Tech Inc. | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats | |||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summer 2016–Spring 2019 Seasonal Surveys Large Bony Fish and Fish Shoals Final Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Sixth Interim Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Research into the noise reduction measure "Little Bubble Curtain" in the Alpha Ventus Test Field | Raimund, R.; Rustemeier, J.; Grießmann, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Acceptance of offshore wind energy use: Final Report (Research initiative RAVE - Research at Alpha Ventus) | Hübner, G.; Pohl, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Operational Noise: Measurement of the operational underwater noise emission of wind turbines at the Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm | Radecke, H. ; Benesch, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms | Graham, I.; Gillespie, D.; Gkikopoulou, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Passive acoustic monitoring during the construction of the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind project | Lin, T.; Newhall, A.; Miller, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind Commercial Project Construction and Operations Plan | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions | ||
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Diverse responses of coastal communities to offshore wind farming development in Southern Spain | Frolova, M.; Pérez-Pérez, B.; Herrero-Luque, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
On the importance of wind turbine wake boundary to wind energy and environmental impact | Fan, Z.; Li,S.; Gao, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2022 | The Crown Estate | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
A Morphodynamic Study of the Irish Sector of the Irish Sea | O'Shea, M.; Guerrini, M.; Murphy, J.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
Comparing Atlantic Cod Temporal Spawning Dynamics across a Biogeographic Boundary: Insights from Passive Acoustic Monitoring | Van Hoeck, R.; Rowell, T.; Dean, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish |
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