The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type Sort descending | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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A new method for quantifying redistribution of seabirds within operational offshore wind farms finds no evidence of within-wind farm displacement | Trinder, M.; O'Brien, S.; Deimel, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Seabirds | |
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction | Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Sharks can Detect Changes in the Geomagnetic Field | Meyer, C.; Holland, K.; Papastamatiou, Y. | Journal Article | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Fish | ||
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden | Langhamer, O.; Dahlgren, T.; Rosenqvist, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Avoidance of Wind Farms by Harbour Seals is Limited to Pile Driving Activities | Russell, D.; Hastie, G.; Thompson, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany | Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction | Graham, I.; Pirotta, E.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model | Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations | Nabe-Nielsen, J.; van Beest, F.; Grimm, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets | Garthe, S.; Peschko, V.; Kubetzki, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Effects of Wind Turbines on Flight Behaviour of Wintering Common Eiders: Implications for Habitat Use and Collision Risk | Larsen, J.; Guillemette, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds | Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
A Test for Bias Attributable to Seabird Avoidance of Ships during Surveys Conducted in the Tropical Pacific | Borberg, J.; Ballance, L.; Pitman, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Effects of multiple exposures to pile driving noise on harbor porpoise hearing during simulated flights—An evaluation tool | Schaffeld, T.; Schnitzler, J.; Ruser, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Barriers to Movement: Modelling Energetic Costs of Avoiding Marine Wind Farms Amongst Breeding Seabirds | Masden, E.; Haydon, D.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Forecasting the consequences of climate-driven shifts in human behavior on cetaceans | Alter, S.; Simmonds, M.; Brandon, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries | |
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs | Dufour, P.; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.; Lavergne, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach | Serpetti, N.; Benjamins, S.; Brain, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) are strongly affected by operating offshore wind farms during the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Mercker, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries: A Literature Review | Bat, L.; Sezgin, M.; Sahin, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | |
Evaluating receiver contributions to acoustic positional telemetry: a case study on Atlantic cod around wind turbines in the North Sea | van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Winter, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Behavioural reactions of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena to startle-eliciting stimuli: movement responses and practical applications | Hiley, H.; Janik, V.; Götz, T. | Journal Article | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Seabird species vary in behavioural response to drone census | Brisson-Curadeau, E.; Bird, D.; Burke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | ||
How to strive for balance of coastal wind energy development with waterbird conservation in the important coastal wetlands, a case study in the Chongming Islands of East China | Li, B.; Yuan, X.; Chen, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern mid-Atlantic bight flyway | Rothermel, E.; Balazik, M.; Best, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds | |
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models | Chamberlain, D.; Rehfisch, M.; Fox, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds | |
Flight Height Distribution and Collision Risk of the Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus Marmoratus: Methodology and Preliminary Results | Stumpf, J.; Denis, N.; Hamer, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic | Rahman, A.; Farrok, O.; Haque, M. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Investigating avoidance and attraction responses in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to offshore wind farms | Johnston, D.; Thaxter, C.; Boersch-Supan, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms | Graham, I.; Gillespie, D.; Gkikopoulou, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings | Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird | Santos, C.; Ramesh, H.; Ferraz, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
A Survey of Acoustic Harassment Device (AHD) Use in the Bay of Fundy, NB, Canada | Johnston, D.; Woodley, T. | Journal Article | Noise, Avoidance | Marine Mammals | ||
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters | Rodríguez, A.; Arcos, J.; Bretagnolle, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm | Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Poot, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Behavioral responses of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) to experimental fishing gear in a coastal environment | Kot, B.; Sears, R.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Avoidance | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? | Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mercker, M.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones | Gall, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
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