Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Integrating in situ environmental covariates in an American lobster catch model to improve impact assessment Rzeszowski, E.; Reardon, K.; Brady, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Offshore windfarm construction elevates metabolic rate and increases predation vulnerability of a key marine invertebrate Cones, S.; Jézéquel, Y.; Jarriel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Environmental implications of future offshore renewable energy development in Aotearoa New Zealand Hale, R.; Thompson, D.; Brough, T.; et al. Journal Article Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice
Wind energy and insects: reviewing the state of knowledge and identifying potential interactions Weschler, M.; Tronstad, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Invertebrates
The flyway construct and assessment of offshore wind farm impacts on migratory marine fauna Secor, D.; O'Brien, M.; Bailey, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Marine infrastructure support fewer producers and more filter feeders than natural habitats: a review and meta-analysis McKibbin, O.; Verges, A.; Pottier, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland BlueWise Marine Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities Courbis, S.; Williams, K.; Stepanuk, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Entanglement Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales Whale Communications Committee; Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Harbour porpoise responses to the installation of XXL monopiles without noise abatement; implications for noise management in the Southern North Sea Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Hastie, G.; Brown, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Collaborative Whale Detection Technology Evaluation Virtual Workshop Series Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative for Offshore Wind (RWSC); Marine Technology Society (MTS) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects United States Government Accountability Office Report Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Realizing the Potential of eDNA Biodiversity Monitoring Tools in the Marine Environment with Application to Offshore Renewable Energy Sepulveda, A.; Morrison, C.; Hunter, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Environmental DNA for monitoring the impact of offshore wind farms on fish and invertebrate community structures Cornelis, I.; De Backer, A.; Maes, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Benthic and Epifaunal Communities Fonseca, M.; McMahon, A.; Erickson, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms in Deep Waters Alawady, A.; Senthurya, S.; Saritha, G.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Resource monitoring for Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) at the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind development site Rudders, D.; Mann, R.; Borsetti, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Integrated Environmental & Social Sensitivity Mapping: Guidance for Early Offshore Wind Spatial Planning World Bank Group Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
Perspectives on using Protected Species Observer (PSO) data to fill knowledge gaps about marine species distributions and habitat use Ganley, L.; Sisson, N.; McKenna, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Marine Mammals
Distribution models of baleen whale species in the Irish Exclusive Economic Zone to inform management and conservation Blazquez, M.; Whooley, P.; Massett, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Guardians of the seabed: Nature-inclusive design of scour protection in offshore wind farms enhances benthic diversity Kingma, E.; ter Hofstede, R.; Kardinaal, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Potential impacts of offshore wind energy development on physical processes and scallop larval dispersal over the US Northeast shelf Chen, C.; Zhao, L.; Lin, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Noise pollution causes parental stress on marine invertebrates, the Giant scallop example Gigot, M; Tremblay, R.; Bonnel, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California California Ocean Science Trust Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 Sullivan, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Evaluating drivers of recent large whale strandings on the East Coast of the United States Thorne, L.; Wiley, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessing the Ecological and Social Impact of Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Study Rottbers, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Final Environmental Assessment for Additional Site Assessment Activities on Beacon Wind, LLC’s Renewable Energy Lease OCS-A 0527 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Using a Mechanical Whale to Test Automatic Whale Blow Detection with Applications to Offshore Wind Development Eaton, R.; Prisco, J.; Everson, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Marine Mammals
Data Fusion and Visualization Approaches to Achieving a Common Operating Picture During Offshore Wind Construction and Operation Works Doolittle, D.; Eaton, R.; Parslow, Marna; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? Bishop, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals Dobson, T.; Lenchine, V.; Bainbridge, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services Watson, S.; Somerfield, P.; Lemasson, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
6th ScotMER Symposium: Marine Mammals Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Marine Mammals
Acoustic presence and demographics of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) off southern New England and near a US offshore wind energy area Westell, A.; Rowell, T.; Posdalijan, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota El-Dairi, R.; Outinen, O.; Kankaanpää, H. Journal Article Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
BOEM and NOAA North Atlantic Right Whale and Offshore Wind Strategy BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs; US Department of Commerce (DOC); NOAA Fisheries Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
American lobster Homarus americanus responses to construction and operation of an offshore wind farm in southern New England Wilber, D.; Brown, L.; Griffin, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates

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