The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent | Farfan, M.; DĂaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia | Reid, K.; Baker, G.; Woehler, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds | |
Flight Type and Seasonal Movements Are Important Predictors for Avian Collisions in Wind Farms | Puente, A.; Balmori, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation | Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The species-specificity of energy landscapes for soaring birds, and its consequences for transferring suitability models across species | Scacco, M.; Arrondo, E.; Donazar, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Significant decline of Griffon Vulture collision mortality in wind farms during 13-year of a selective turbine stopping protocol | Ferrer, M.; Alloing, A.; Baumbush, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird | Santos, C.; Ramesh, H.; Ferraz, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Crossing artificial obstacles during migration: The relative global ecological risks and interdependencies illustrated by the migration of common quail Coturnix coturnix | Nadal, J.; Sáez, D.; Margalida, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Assessment of effectiveness of the IdentiFlight® avian detection system | Rogers, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration | Santos, C.; Ferraz, R.; Muñoz, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; MĂĽller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers | del Valle, J.; Peralta, F.; Arjona, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry | Vanermen, N.; Courtens, W.; Daelemans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Identifying Birds' Collision Risk with Wind Turbines Using a Multidimensional Utilization Distribution Method | Khosravifard, S.; Skidmore, A.; Naimi, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Landscape anthropization shapes the survival of a top avian scavenger | Arrondo, E.; Sanz-Aguilar, A.; Perez-Garcia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria | Lumsden, L.; Moloney, P.; Smales, I. | Report | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Effectiveness of a mitigation measure for the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in wind farms in Spain | Pescador, M.; RamĂrez, J.; Peris, S. | Journal Article | Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Differential Recovery of Habitat Use by Birds after Wind Farm Installation: A Multi-Year Comparison | Farfan, M.; Duarte, J.; Real, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms | Brabant, R.; Vanermen, N.; Steinen, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
A Review of Bird Strike Mortality at Irish Onshore Windfarms | Fennelly, R. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Ecological Monitoring using Wildlife Detection Dogs: Bat Carcass Searches at the Wanlip Wind Turbine | Stanhope, K. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity | Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Results and Analysis of Eagle Studies from the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms 2002-2012 | Hull, C.; Sims, C.; Stark, E.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? | Smales, I. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Observations from the Use of Dogs to Undertake Carcass Searches at Wind Facilities in Australia | Bennett, E. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain | Mateos-Rodriguez, M.; Muñoz, A.; Arroyo, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Avian Collisions at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia: Taxonomic and Ecological Characteristics of Colliders Versus Non-Colliders | Hull, C.; Stark, E.; Peruzzo, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects | Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Some Clouds Have a Silver Lining: Paradoxes of Anthropogenic Perturbations from Study Cases on Long-Lived Social Birds | Oro, D.; Jimenez, J.; Curco, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 | Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Onkelinx, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Birds | |
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures | de Lucas, M.; Ferrer, M.; Bechard, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms | Ferrer, M.; Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures | Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
Effects of wind farms and food scarcity on a large scavenging bird species following an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy | Martinez-Abrain, A.; Tavecchia, G.; Regan, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area | Gallego, A.; Lucas, M.; Casado, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Linking Turbine Collision Risks with Population Models to Assess Cumulative Impacts of Multiple Wind Farms on Threatened Birds | Smales, I.; Muir, S.; Meredith, C.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
Modelling Seabird Collision Risk with Off-Shore Wind Farms | Mateos, M.; Arroyo, G.; Rosario, J. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain | Martinez, J.; Calvo, J.; Zuberogoita, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Search Areas for Monitoring Bird and Bat Carcasses at Wind Farms using a Monte-Carlo Model | Hull, C.; Muir, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland | Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
What is the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds? A Case Study in Southern Spain | Farfan, M.; Vargas, J.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Birds | |
Collision Fatality of Raptors in Wind Farms does not Depend on Raptor Abundance | de Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; Whitfield, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Sex-Based Mortality of Common Tern in Farm Collisions | Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; Everaert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds in Zeebrugge (Belgium): Significant Effect on Breeding Tern Colony Due to Collisions | Everaert, J.; Stienen, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Seabirds, Birds |
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