The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Offshore wind farm operation contributed to a slight improvement in seawater quality along the Jiangsu Coast, China | Wei, Z.; Wang, M.; Gao, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Monopile-induced turbulence and sediment redistribution form visible wakes in offshore wind farms | Bailey, L.; Dorrell, R.; Kostakis, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
Harbour porpoise responses to the installation of XXL monopiles without noise abatement; implications for noise management in the Southern North Sea | Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Hastie, G.; Brown, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) | Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects | United States Government Accountability Office | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review | Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Analysis of the Impact of Wind Farm Construction on the Marine Environment | Lazuga, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future | Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms in Deep Waters | Alawady, A.; Senthurya, S.; Saritha, G.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Seabirds, Marine Mammals | |
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California | California Ocean Science Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Assessing the influence of offshore wind turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing | Siddagangaiah, S.; Chen, C-F.; Hu, W-C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? | Bishop, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals | Dobson, T.; Lenchine, V.; Bainbridge, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts | Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
What are the potential effects of offshore wind farms on coastal fish and their essential habitats? | Henry, S.; Couturier, L.; Darnaude, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish | |
A Numerical Modeling Framework to Evaluate Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on California’s Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem | Raghukumar, K.; Nelson, T.; Chang, G.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota | El-Dairi, R.; Outinen, O.; Kankaanpää, H. | Journal Article | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | ||
Overlap between the Mid-Atlantic Bight Cold Pool and offshore wind lease areas | Horwitz, R.; Miles, T.; Munroe, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Experimental study on the effect of sound stimulation on hearing and behavior of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) | Wang, Y.; Huang, L.; Xing, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Study on the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Surrounding Water Environment in the Yangtze Estuary Based on Remote Sensing | Cai, L.; Hu, Q.; Qiu, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Numerical Study of Turbulent Wake of Offshore Wind Turbines and Retention Time of Larval Dispersion | Ajmi, S.; Boutet, M.; Bennis, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones | Gall, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Morphological Modelling to Investigate the Role of External Sediment Sources and Wind and Wave-Induced Flow on Sand Bank Sustainability: An Arklow Bank Case Study | Creane, S.; O'Shea, M.; Coughlan, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Ocean Upwelling and Downwelling Induced by Wind Wakes of Offshore Wind Farms | Liu, K.; Du, J.; Larsén, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Acoustic ecology of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) between two U.S. offshore wind energy areas | Holdman, A.; Tregenza, N.; Van Parijs, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Reducing uncertainty in underwater noise assessments for offshore wind (ReCon) | Carbon Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Oceanographic Effects of Offshore Wind Structures and Their Potential Impacts on the North Atlantic Right Whale and Their Prey | Brodie, J.; Manhard, R.; Krebs, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Establishing baselines for predicting change in ambient sound metrics, marine mammal, and vessel occurrence within a US offshore wind energy area | Van Parijs, S.; DeAngelis, A.; Aldrich, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments | Ebeling, A.; Wippermann, D.; Zimmermann, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Erfahrungsbericht Betriebsschall: Projektübergreifende Auswertung und Bewertung der Unterwasserschallmessungen aus der Betriebsphase von Offshore-Windparks | Bellmann, M.; Müller,T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Offshore Wind Energy Development and North Atlantic Right Whales | Silber, G.; Dangerfield, A.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Do the metals released by galvanic anodes used in offshore wind farms pose a risk to the marine environment? | Henry, S.; Amouroux, I.; Aragon, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Setting EU Threshold Values for continuous underwater sound | Druon, J.; Hanke, G.; Casier, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Setting EU Threshold Values for impulsive underwater sound | Sigray, P.; Andersson, M.; André, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals | |
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report | Green, R.; Farr, H.; Ryan, K.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Characterisation of underwater operational noise of two types of floating offshore wind turbines | Risch, D.; Favill, G.; Marmo, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
Projected cross-shore changes in upwelling induced by offshore wind farm development along the California coast | Raghukumar, K.; Nelson, T.; Jacox, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae are attracted by low-frequency noise simulating that of operating offshore wind farms | Cresci, A.; Zhang, G.; Durif, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Comparing Atlantic Cod Temporal Spawning Dynamics across a Biogeographic Boundary: Insights from Passive Acoustic Monitoring | Van Hoeck, R.; Rowell, T.; Dean, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish |
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