The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast | Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring | Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States | Williams, K.; Gulka, J.; Cook, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds | |
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents | Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Using juvenile movements as a proxy for adult habitat and space use in long-lived territorial species: a case study on the golden eagle | Hemery, A.; Duriez, O.; Itty, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Drivers of flight altitude during nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and implications for offshore wind energy | Bradaric, M.; Kranstauber, B.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Offshore wind energy and fisheries: Sustainable development goals, enterprise practices, and fishermen's perspectives | Lin, C.; Lee, H.; Hsu, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Using remote-sensing data to study the rapid growth of wind farms and their impact on bird habitat in Yellow Sea Wetland, China | Zheng, Y.; Wu, J.; Sheviakina, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review | Ze, J.; Xiuchun, Y.; Ang, C. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Using fisheries-dependent data to investigate landings of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm | Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Moore, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) | Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Assessing the Influence of Wind Turbines and Land-use on Mortality Risk of Avian Species on the Llano Estacado with Emphasis on Birds of Prey | Linner, K. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds | |
Nest Survival of Red-Winged Blackbirds in Agricultural Areas Developed for Wind Energy | Gillespie, M.; Dinsmore, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Collision | Passerines, Birds | |
Common Raven Occurrence in Relation to Energy Transmission Line Corridors Transiting Human-Altered Sagebrush Steppe | Coates, P.; Howe, K.; Casazza, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Study of the Wildlife of Jhimpir Wind Corridor, District Thatta, Sindh and Development of Bird Monitoring Strategy in the Area | Ghalib, S.; Khan, M.; Ahmed, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Final Environmental Assessment | Horton, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Analysis of the Overlap between Priority Greater Sage-Grouse Habitats and Existing and Potential Energy Development Across the West: Final Report | LeBeau, C.; Fruhwirth, J.; Boehrs, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Evidence of Negative Effects of Anthropogenic Structures on Wildlife: A Review of Grouse Survival and Behaviour | Hovick, T.; Elmore, R.; Dahlgren, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
A Special Purpose: The Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Wind Energy | Rose, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Effect of Wind Turbine Proximity on Nesting Success in Shrub-nesting Birds | Bennett, V.; Hale, A.; Karsten, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms | Bradbury, G.; Trinder, M.; Furness, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
An Integrated Visual Impact Assessment Model for Offshore Windfarm Development | Depellegrin, D.; Blažauskas, N.; Egarter-Vigl, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Historical Challenges of Wind Energy/Wildlife Interactions: How This May Affect Distributed Wind | Sinclair, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Birds, Bats | |
No evidence of displacement due to wind turbines in breeding grassland birds | Hale, A.; Hatchett, E.; Meyer, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
No Evidence of Displacement due to Wind Turbines in Breeding Grassland Songbirds | Hale, A.; Hatchett, E.; Meyer, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Avoidance Behaviour of Birds around Offshore Wind Farms: Overview of Knowledge Including Effects of Configuration | Krijgsveld, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development | Watson, J.; Duff, A.; Davies, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Raptors, Birds | |
A Historical Perspective of Wind-Wildlife Challenges: How this May Affect Distributed Wind | Sinclair, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Bats | |
A Sustainability Index of Potential Co-Location of Offshore Wind Farms and Open Water Aquaculture | Benassai, G.; Mariani, P.; Stenberg, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions | |
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project One: UPDATED IN-COMBINATION AUK DISPLACEMENT NOTE | Jenner, C. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Avian and Bat Survey Protocols For Large Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Minnesota | Mixon, K.; Schrenzel, J.; Pile, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Birds/bats movement tracking with IR camera for wind farm applications | Wei, L.; Mirzaei, G.; Majid, M.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Wind Farms Threaten Southern Africa's Cliff-Nesting Vultures | Rushworth, I.; Kruger, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Birds | |
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy | Stantec Consulting | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Population Consequences of Displacement from Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Developments for Seabirds Breeding at Scottish SPAs | Searle, K.; Mobbs, D.; Butler, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory | National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Environmental aspects of designing multi-purpose offshore platforms in the scope of the FP7 TROPOS Project | Lu, S.; Yu, J.; Golmen, L.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions |
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