The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
An echosounder view on the potential effects of impulsive noise pollution on pelagic fish around windfarms in the North Sea | Kok, A.; Bruil, L.; Berges, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site | Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Bio-acoustic tracking and localization using heterogeneous, scalable microphone arrays | Verreycken, E.; Simon, R.; Quirk-Royal, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Whale hearing tests through evoked potential audiometry | Houser, D. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Acoustic deterrents influence foraging activity, flight and echolocation behaviour of free-flying bats | Gilmour, L. ; Holderied, M. ; Pickering , S. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Bats | |
NOAA and BOEM Minimum Recommendations for Use of Passive Acoustic Listening Systems in Offshore Wind Energy Development Monitoring and Mitigation Programs | Van Parijs, S.; Baker, K.; Carduner, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm | Josimović, B.; Cvjetić, A.; Manić, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Characterization of Impact Pile Driving Signals and Fin Whale Vocalizations at the Block Island Wind Farm Site | Amaral, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Impact of pile-driving and offshore windfarm operational noise on fish chorusing | Siddagangaiah, S.; Chen, C.; Hu, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Sea Turtle Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Gitschlag, G.; Perry, R.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Reptiles | |
Workgroup Report on Sound and Vibration Effects on Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Popper, A.; Hice-Dunton, L.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Far-Field Effects of Impulsive Noise on Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins | Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Brookes, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds | Solé, M.; Lenoir, M.; Fortuno, J-M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction | Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions | |
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Seagrass Posidonia is impaired by human-generated noise | Solé, M.; Lenoir, M.; Durfort, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | ||
Vibrational noise from wind energy-turbines negatively impacts earthworm abundance | Velilla, E.; Collinson, E.; Bellato, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project | Taubmann, J.; Coppes, J.; Andrén, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin | Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan | Ørsted; Eversource | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Anthropogenic Sound Exposure-Induced Stress in Captive Dolphins and Implications for Cetacean Health | Yang, W.; Chen, C.; Chuah, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring continuous noise | Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Aeroacoustic Assessment of Wind Plant Controls | Hamilton, N.; Bortolotti, P.; Jager, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | ||
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Field Observations During Offshore Wind Structure Installation and Operation (Maryland Offshore Wind and Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind) | Amaral, J.; Ampela, K.; Frankel, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Z1: Assessment of Impacts to Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, and ESA-Listed Fish Species | CSA Ocean Sciences Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
JUMP Deliverable 2: Inventory of background information | Sobreira, F.; Cruz, E.; Luís, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Co-production in the wind energy sector: A systematic literature review of public engagement beyond invited stakeholder participation | Solman, H.; Smits, M.; Vliet, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review | Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Response of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena L., 1758) to the FaunaGuard and subsequent piling during the construction of offshore wind farms | Voß, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Wind energy facilities affect resource selection of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus | Taubmann, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Andrén, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Noise | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
OSPAR inventory of measures to mitigate the emission and environmental impact of underwater noise | Merck, T.; Werner, S.; Koschinski, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development: guidelines for project developers | Bennun, L.; van Bochove, J.; Ng, C.; et al. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Effect of pile-driving sound on the survival of fish larvae | Bolle, L.; de Jong, C.; Blom, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Pelagic Fish, Fish | |
Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Noise Exposure: A Systematic Review | Schmidt, J.; Klokker, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
The New Noise Mitigation System 'Hydro Sound Dampers': History of Development with Several Hydro Sound and Vibration Measurements | Burns, B.; Kuhn, C.; Stein, P.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
New Achievements in Underwater Noise Modelling for Offshore Pile Driving | Trimoreau, B.; Lutzen, R.; Kringelum, J.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
New Hydro Sound Dampers to Reduce Piling Underwater Noise | Elmer, K.; Savery, J. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Dynamic Measurements of Pile Deflections as a Source of Underwater Sound Emissions during Impact Driving of Offshore Pile Foundations | Kuhn, C.; Sychla, H.; Stein, P.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Hydro Sound Measurements during the Installation of Large Diameter Offshore Piles using Combinations of Independent Noise Mitigation Systems | Burns, B.; Stein, P.; Kuhn, C.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Assessing the Underwater Acoustics of the World's Largest Vibration Hammer (OCTA-KONG) and Its Potential Effects on the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) | Wang, Z.; Wu, Y.; Duan, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations | Dubusschere, E.; de Coensel, B.; Bajek, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats | Ford, J.; Nichol, L. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Hearing frequencies of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) temporarily affected by played back offshore pile driving sounds | Kastelein, R.; Gransier, R.; Marijt, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
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