Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D.; Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures de Lucas, M.; Ferrer, M.; Bechard, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement Dahl, E.; Bevanger, K.; Nygård, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Model-Based Estimation of Collision Risks of Predatory Birds with Wind Turbines Eichhorn, M.; Johst, K.; Seppelt, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Visual Fields, Foraging and Collision Vulnerability in Gyps Vultures Martin, G.; Portugal, S.; Murn, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Putting Aeolus to work without the death toll: federal wind farm siting guidelines can mitigate avian and Chiropteran mortality Mensing, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines Furness, B.; Wade, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms Ferrer, M.; Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Final Technical Report: A Heterogeneous System for Eagle Detection, Deterrent, and Wildlife Collision Detection for Wind Turbines Albertani, R.; Clocker, K.; Hu, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Dunn, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor Murgatroyd, M.; Bouten, W.; Amar, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
New Zealand Falcon Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Hurunui Wind Farm Meridian Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Evaluation of Greater Sage-Grouse Reproductive Habitat and Response to Wind Energy Development in South-Central, Wyoming LeBeau, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Searches for dead birds in Smøla wind-power plant area 2011 - annual report Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities Nasman, K.; Bay, K.; Mattson, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.; Bjerre, E.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Assessing the vulnerability of breeding bird populations to onshore wind-energy developments in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Valkama, J.; Byholm, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
The clash between biodiversity protection and renewable energy development in the European Union with reference to the Habitats and the Birds Directive s Aikaterini, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L.; Simonis, J.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Where eagles nest, the wind also blows: consolidating habitat and energy needs Wilson, J.; Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway Oppel, S.; Arkumarev, V.; Bakari, S,; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Testing an Emerging Paradigm in Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences in Efficiency between Flight Modes Duerr, A.; Miller, T.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J.; Stanton, J.; Beston, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project Taubmann, J.; Coppes, J.; Andrén, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration Santos, C.; Ferraz, R.; Muñoz, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Wind energy facilities affect resource selection of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus Taubmann, J.; Kämmerle, J.; Andrén, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C.; Dunn, L.; McCabe, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind development and wildlife mitigation in Wyoming: a primer Jakle, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors

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