The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Synthesis of the Science Workshop: Day 1 Summary | Consensus Building Institute | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Scour and Cable Protection Decommissioning Study | Peritus International | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
On electrical fishing for brown shrimp (Crangon crangon): I. Laboratory experiments | Polet, H.; Delanghe, F.; Verschoore, R. | Journal Article | EMF | Invertebrates | ||
Effects of Hypomagnetic Conditions and Reversed Geomagnetic Field on Calcium-Dependent Proteases of Invertebrates and Fish | Kantserova, N.; Krylov, V.; Lysenko, L.; et al. | Journal Article | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates | ||
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 | van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Tulp, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale | Airoldi, L.; Turon, X.; Perkol-Finkel, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) | Taormina, B.; Di Poi, C.; Agnalt, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Invertebrates, Legal & Policy | |
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters | Rodríguez, A.; Arcos, J.; Bretagnolle, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study | Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Moens, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor | Jakubowska, M.; Urban-Malinga, B.; Otremba, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Invertebrates | |
Exploring the role of offshore wind in restoring priority marine habitats | Robertson, M.; Locke, S.; Uttley, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Seabed recovery following protective burial of subsea cables - Observations from the continental margin | Kraus, C.; Carter, L. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | ||
Distribution of the invasive Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 and native Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) on artificial hard substrates in the North Sea: separation by habitat | Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | ||
Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth | Schutter, M.; Dorenbosch, M.; Driessen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Low genetic connectivity in a fouling amphipod among man-made structures in the southern North Sea | Luttikhuizen, P.; Beermann, J.; Crooijmans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Oceanographic and biological influences on recruitment of benthic invertebrates to hard substrata on the Oregon shelf | Meyer, K.; Li, Y.; Young, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Marine stepping‐stones: Connectivity of Mytilus edulis populations between offshore energy installations | Coolen, J.; Boon, A.; Crooijmans, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings | US Army Corps of Engineers | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Block Island Wind Farm Lobster Ventless Trap Survey | Griffin, M.; Carey, D. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates | |
Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? | Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Białowąs, M.; Otremba, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Invertebrates | |
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions | Scholz, C.; Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Invertebrates | |
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] | Goodale, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Generalized changes of benthic communities after construction of wind farms in the southern North Sea | Coolen, J.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Dannheim, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
South Fork Wind Farm and South Fork Export Cable Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy | EMF | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Predictive mapping of seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans off the Pacific Coast of Washington | Menza, C.; Leirness, J.; White, T.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment | |
Environmental Compatibility of the Parc Tramuntana Offshore Wind Project in Relation to Marine Ecosystems | Diez-Caballero, K.; Troiteiro, S.; Garcia-Alba, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
The Design, Production and Validation of the Biological and Structural Performance of an Ecologically Engineered Concrete Block Mattress – A Nature Inclusive Design for Shoreline and Offshore construction | Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
An Analysis of the Efficacy of Four Artificial Reef Designs in Tropical Waters | Brock, R.; Norris, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Options for biodiversity enhancement in offshore wind farms | Bureau Waardenburg bv | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions | |
Fish Assemblages Associated with a Newly Deployed Eco-Engineered Artificial Seawall in the Intercoastal Waters of Port Everglades | Cinti, O. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Linking ecosystem services with epibenthic biodiversity change following installation of offshore wind farms | Causon, P.; Gill, A. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Creation of microhabitats (tidepools) in ripraps with climax communities as a way to mitigate negative effects of artificial substrate on marine biodiversity | Ostale-Valriberas, E.; Sempere-Valverde, J.; Coppa, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Effects of two offshore gas platforms on soft-bottom benthic communities (northwestern Adriatic Sea, Italy) | Manoukian, S.; Spagnolo, A.; Scarcella, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Displacement, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | ||
Nonindigenous biota on artificial structures: could habitat creation facilitate biological invasions? | Glasby, T.; Connell, S.; Holloway, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
The Effects of Anthropogenic Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on the Early Development of Two Commercially Important Crustaceans, European Lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.) and Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) | Harsanyi, P.; Scott, K.; Easton, B.; et al. | Journal Article | EMF | Invertebrates | ||
Design, production, and validation of the biological and structural performance of an ecologically engineered concrete block mattress: A Nature-Inclusive Design for shoreline and offshore construction | Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Potential Impact of Submarine Power Cables on Crab Harvest | Bull, A.; Nishimoto, M. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Invertebrates | |
Artificial hard-substrate colonisation in the offshore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park | Karlsson, R.; Tivefälth, M.; Duranović, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life | Mello, G.; Dias, M.; Robaina, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
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