The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea | Van Maele, T.; Desplenter, N.; Van Aken, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Maiden Wind Farm Benton County, Washington Final SEPA Environmental Impact Statement and Final NEPA Environmental Impact Statement | Bonneville Power Administration | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities | Schwartz, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Eagle Conservation Plan Guidance: Module 1 Land-based Wind Energy | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Effects of an Offshore Oil Platform on the Distribution and Abundance of Commercially Important Crab Species | Page, H.; Dugan, J.; Dugan, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Development of Spatial Information Layers for Commercial Fishing and Shellfishing in UK Waters to Support Strategic Siting of Offshore Windfarms | Dunstone, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Renewable Energy and Land Use in India: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development | Kiesecker, J.; Baruch-Mordo, S.; Heiner, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea | Tidbury, H.; Taylor, N.; van der Molen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Sediment Deposition Following Construction of a Breakwater Harbor: Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, Rhode Island, USA | Oakley, B.; Murphy, C.; Lee, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions | ||
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas | Crespo, G.; Mossop, J.; Dunn, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Fish and Fisheries Study | Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Energy Development and Production in the Great Plains: Implications and Mitigation Opportunities | Ott, J.; Hanberry, B.; Khalil, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report | Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland | Workshop Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Automatic Segregation of Pelagic Habitats | Plonus, R-M.; Vogl, S.; Floeter, J. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation | Pfeiffer, M.; Ralston-Paton, S. | Guidance | Wind Energy | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Advancing Migratory Bird Conservation and Management by Using Radar: An Interagency Collaboration | Ruth, J.; Barrow, W.; Sojda,R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems | Squires, J.; Olson, L.; Wallace, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Navigation | |
The Maritime Environment Impact Assessment of Offshore Floating Wind Power in Ulsan - A Focus on Habitat Equivalence Analysis | Choi, S-Y.; Moon, B-S.; Kim, T-G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Constraints on Development of Wind Energy in Poland due to Environmental Objectives. Is There Space in Poland for Wind Farm Siting? | Hajto, M.; Cichocki, Z.; Bidlasik, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions | |
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2018 Annual Report | Anderson, P.; Aldridge, C.; Alexander, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
An indicator for assessing the status of marine-bird habitats affected by multiple human activities: A novel statistical approach | Mercker, M.; Dierschke, V.; Camphuysen, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration | Santos, C.; Ferraz, R.; Muñoz, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model | Roman, P.; Salinas, C.; Araujo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 | Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment | |
NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring | Reichert, B.; Bayless, M.; Cheng, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions | |
A Multi-Criteria Approach to Evaluate Floating Offshore Wind Farms Siting in the Canary Islands (Spain) | Díaz, H.; Soares, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Science in support of ecologically sound decommissioning strategies for offshore man-made structures: taking stock of current knowledge and considering future challenges | Birchenough, S.; Degraer, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
The biodiversity-wind energy-land use nexus in a global biodiversity hotspot | Kati, V.; Kassara, C.; Vrontisi, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Synthesis of the Science Workshop: Day 1 Summary | Consensus Building Institute | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Considerations for Offshore Wind Energy Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries in the United States: A Review of Existing Studies, New Efforts, and Opportunities for Innovation | Perry, R.; Heyman, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Coastal Resources: Lessons Learned | Carey, D.; Wilber, D.; Read, L.; et al. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries | Gill, A.; Degraer, S.; Lipsky, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin | Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines | US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Review of the Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and their Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation | UK Department for Business Innovation & Skills (BIS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement | GE Wind Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Golden Eagles in a Multiple Land-Use Environment: A Case Study in Conflict Management | Madders, M.; Walker, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines | Furness, B.; Wade, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl |
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