The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast | Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Environmental impacts from large scale offshore renewable energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Assessing the influence of offshore wind turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing | Siddagangaiah, S.; Chen, C-F.; Hu, W-C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
Final Environmental Assessment for Additional Site Assessment Activities on Beacon Wind, LLC’s Renewable Energy Lease OCS-A 0527 | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents | Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the Dutch Continental Shelf | Hermans, A.; Winter, H.; Gill, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Short Science Summary: Raptor Monitoring and Minimization Technologies | WREN | Summary | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Ecological indicators to monitor offshore wind interactions with fisheries resources | Methratta, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis | Husby, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat | Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress | Keating-Bitoni, C.; Marshak, A.; Comay, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area | Rothermel, E.; O'Brien, M.; Best, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
The Impact of Wind Turbines on the Distribution of Wintering and Migrating Raptors | Mitchell, K. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Birds, Raptors | ||
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) | Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae | Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Overlap between the Mid-Atlantic Bight Cold Pool and offshore wind lease areas | Horwitz, R.; Miles, T.; Munroe, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Experimental study on the effect of sound stimulation on hearing and behavior of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) | Wang, Y.; Huang, L.; Xing, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent | Farfan, M.; DĂaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Incidental eagle carcass detection can contribute to fatality estimation at operating wind energy facilities | Hallingstad, E.; Riser-Espinoza, D.; Brown, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions | |
European plaice movements show evidence of high residency, site fidelity, and feeding around hard substrates within an offshore wind farm | Buyse, J.; Reubens, J.; Hostens, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Quick scan of cumulative impacts on the North Sea biodiversity: with a focus on selected species in relation to future developments in offshore wind energy | Jongbloed, R.; Tamis, J.; van der Wal, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions | ||
Numerical Study of Turbulent Wake of Offshore Wind Turbines and Retention Time of Larval Dispersion | Ajmi, S.; Boutet, M.; Bennis, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Griffon Vulture movements are concentrated around roost and supplementary feeding stations: implications for wind energy development on Mediterranean islands | Cerri, J.; Fozzi, I.; De Rosa, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Fish distribution in three dimensions around the Block Island Wind Farm as observed with conventional and volumetric echosounders | Jech, J.; Lipsky, A.; Moran, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish | |
Assessing the Relationship between Sea Turtle Strandings and Anthropogenic Impacts in Taiwan | Chou, W.; Wu, P.; Li, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Annual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Maryland Offshore Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Detection of wind turbines rotary motion by birds: A matter of speed and contrast | Blary, C.; Bonadonna, F.; Dussauze, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Mitigating the Negative Impact of Wind Power on Soaring Birds through Government Restrictions | Liang, X.; Yang, C.; Zhang, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Vulnerability Index to Scale Effects of Offshore Renewable Energy on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Off the U.S. West Coast (VIMMS) | Southall, B.; Mazurek, R.; Eriksen, R. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities | Lonsdorf, E.; Gerber, J.; Ray, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms challenges the reliability of ICES-coordinated fish surveys—insights from the Baltic Sea | Haase, S.; von Dorrien, C.; Kaljuste, O.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
The Tradeoff Between Wildlife Conservation and Renewable Energy: Evidence from Golden Eagles and Wind Turbines | O'Brien, B.; Hagerty, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds, Raptors | ||
Environmental DNA reveals spatial patterns of fish and plankton diversity at a floating offshore wind farm | Hestetun, J.; Ray, J.; Murvoll, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Maryland Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan: Appendix II E1 - Essential Fish Habitat Assessment | TRC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish | ||
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Environmental benthos survey, Hywind Scotland | Moskeland, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Mapping Environmental Considerations for Marine Spatial Planning in Wales: Methodology | Murray, L.; Bloomfield, H.; Skates, L. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | ||
What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? | Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Offshore Electric and Magnetic Field Assessment | Exponent Inc. | Report | Wind Energy | EMF | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report | Green, R.; Farr, H.; Ryan, K.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts |
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