The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? | Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates | |
Development of a Cumulative Impact Assessment tool for birds in Norwegian Offshore Waters: Trollvind OWF as a case study | Layton-Matthews, K.; Buckingham, L.; Critchley, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds | |
Metabolomics for in situ monitoring of attached Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis: Effects of offshore wind farms on aquatic organisms | Wang, K.; Gao, Z.; Ru, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change, Noise | Invertebrates | |
Sustainable wind energy planning through ecosystem service impact valuation and exergy: A study case in south-central Chile | Martínez-Martínez, Y.; Dewulf, J.; Aguayo, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
New insights into the influence of turbines on the behaviour of migrant birds: implications for predicting impacts of offshore wind developments on wildlife | Willmott, J.; Forcey, G.; Vukovich, M. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Semiannual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Evaluation of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Experiment on the Marine Benthic Foraminiferal Species Amphistegina lessonii | Rebecchi, F.; Lattanzi, D.; Abramovich, S.; et al. | Journal Article | EMF | Invertebrates | ||
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Long-Term Succession on Offshore Wind Farms and the Role of Species Interactions | Zupan, M.; Rumes, B.; Vanaverbeke, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Invertebrates | |
Data on benthic species assemblages and seafloor sediment characteristics in an offshore windfarm in the southeastern North Sea | Teschke, K.; Gusky, M.; Gutow, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences | Anker, H.; Olsen, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Floating Wind Power in Deep-Sea Area: Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts | Yuan, W.; Feng, J.; Zhang, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Functional trait responses to different anthropogenic pressures | Festjens, F.; Buyse, J.; De Backer, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Interdisciplinary analysis of wind energy - a focus on France | Kinani, K.; Meunier, S.; Vido, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Birds vs. wind power – significant bird impacts of wind turbines in Finnish environmental impact assessment reports | Hagman, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Q1: Offshore Electric- and Magnetic- Field Assessment | Exponent Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions | |
The impact of onshore wind farms on ecological corridors in Ningbo, China | Guan, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment | |
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation | Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios | Voet, H.; Vlaminck, E.; van Colen, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Using expert knowledge to identify key threats and conservation strategies for wildlife: A case study with bats in China | Gao, H.; Xiang, Z.; He, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | |
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Wind energy expansion and birds: Identifying priority areas for impact avoidance at a national level | Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Santangeli, A.; Piirainen, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes | |
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report | Pophof, B.; Henschenmacher, B.; Kattnig, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | EMF | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa | Docrat, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Literature Review on Barrier Effects, Ghost Fishing, and Electromagnetic Fields for Floating Windfarms | Williamson, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, EMF, Entanglement | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind | Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Long-term impact on the breeding birds of a semi-offshore island-based wind farm in Åland, Northern Baltic Sea | Tanskanen, A.; Yrjola, R.; Oja, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Displacement | Birds, Shorebirds | |
Low-Carbon, Nature-Inclusive Concrete Gravity-Based Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines | Fried, S.; Ozkan, D.; Halldén, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Wind turbine wakes can impact down-wind vegetation greenness | Diffendorfer, J.; Vanderhoof, M.; Ancona, Z. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Windfarms, fishing and benthic recovery: Overlaps, risks and opportunities | Dunkley, F.; Solandt, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Spatial assessment of benthic compensatory habitats for offshore wind farm impacts | Ward, O.; Aberson, M.; Kirby, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Future environmental scenarios for offshore wind expansion | Still, D.; Pacitto, S.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Impacts of wind turbines on vegetation and soil cover: a case study of Urla, Cesme, and Karaburun Peninsulas, Turkey | Aksoy, T.; Cetin, M.; Cabuk, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment | |
Quantifying the land-based opportunity carbon costs of onshore wind farms | Albanito, F.; Roberts, S.; Shepherd, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Balancing future renewable energy infrastructure siting and associated habitat loss for migrating whooping cranes | Ellis, K.; Pearse, A.; Brandt, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception | Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Generalized changes of benthic communities after construction of wind farms in the southern North Sea | Coolen, J.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Dannheim, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Chasing the offshore wind farm wind-wake-induced upwelling/downwelling dipole | Floeter, J.; Pohlmann, T.; Harmer, A; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Conceptualisation of multiple impacts interacting in the marine environment using marine infrastructure as an example | Komyakova, V.; Jaffrés, J.; Strain, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Attraction | Invertebrates | |
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions | Scholz, C.; Voigt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Invertebrates |
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