Electromagnetic Fields Evidence Base

The evidence base for electromagnetic fields (EMF) consists of 31 key documents that define what we understand about the effects of electric and magnetic fields on sensitive marine animals. The initial evidence base was presented and reviewed during workshops at EWTEC 2019 and in Australia in 2019. Additional information on EMF can be found in the 2024 State of the Science (Chapter 3), the 2020 State of the Science Report (Chapter 5), and the Tethys Knowledge Base.

View the other evidence bases for risk retirement here.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae Cresci, A., Durif, C., Larsen, T., Bjelland, R., Skiftesvik, A., Browman, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Red rock crab (Cancer productus) movement is not influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by a submarine power transmission cable Williams, J., Jaco, E., Scholz, Z., Williams, C., Pondella, D., Rasser, M., Schroeder, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber Albert, L., Olivier, F., Jolivet, A., Chauvaud, L., Chauvaud, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates Chapman, E., Rochas, C., Piper, A., Vad, J., Kazanidis, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) from subsea power cables in the natural marine environment Gill, A., Hutchison, Z., Desender, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles Durif, C., Nyqvist, D., Taormina, B., Shema, S., Skiftesvik, A., Freytet, F., Browman, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Magnetic fields produced by subsea high-voltage direct current cables reduce swimming activity of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Cresci, A., Durif, C., Larsen, T., Bjelland, R., Skiftesvik, A., Browman, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M., Białowąs, M., Otremba, Z., Hallmann, A., Śliwińska-Wilczewska, S., Urban-Malinga, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Can artificial magnetic fields alter the functional role of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis? Albert, L., Maire, O., Olivier, F., Lambert, C., Romero-Ramirez, A., Jolivet, A., Chauvaud, L., Chauvaud, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
The Effects of Anthropogenic Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on the Early Development of Two Commercially Important Crustaceans, European Lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.) and Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Harsanyi, P., Scott, K., Easton, B., Ortiz, G., Chapman, E., Piper, A., Rochas, C., Lyndon, A. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields Albert, L., Olivier, F., Jolivet, A., Chauvaud, L., Chauvaud, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Electromagnetic Field Impacts on American Eel Movement and Migration from Direct Current Cables Hutchison, Z., Sigray, P., Gill, A., Michelot, T., King, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Scott, K., Harsanyi, P., Easton, B., Piper, A., Rochas, C., Lyndon, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
WESE Deliverable 2.2 Monitoring of Electromagnetic fields Chainho, P., Bald, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
WESE Deliverable 3.1 EMF Modelling Chainho, P., Bald, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
Characterisation of the Potential Impacts of Subsea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Renewable Energy Projects Taormina, B., Quillienn, N., Lejart, M., Carlier, A., Desroy, N., Laurans, M., Reynaud, M., Perignon, Y., Erussard, H., Derrien-Courtel, S., Le Gal, A., Derrien, R., Jolivet, A., Chavaud, S., Degret, V., Saffroy, D., Pagot, J., Barillier, A. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: considerations for marine renewable energy development Hutchison, Z., Gill, A., Sigray, P., He, H., King, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Effects of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the behaviour of larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Jakubowska, M., Greszkiewicz, M., Fey, D., Otremba, Z., Urban-Malinga, B., Andrulewicz, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, EMF Fish
Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species Hutchison, Z., Gill, A., Sigray, P., He, H., King, J. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) Taormina, B., Di Poi, C., Agnalt, A., Carlier, A., Desroy, N., Escobar-Lux, R., D'eu, J., Freytet, F., Durif, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Legal & Policy
Behavioral responses by migrating juvenile salmonids to a subsea high-voltage DC power cable Wyman, M., Klimley, A., Battleson, R., Agosta, T., Chapman, E., Haverkamp, P., Pagel, M., Kavet, R. Journal Article EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Impacts on Elasmobranch (shark, rays, and skates) and American Lobster Movement and Migration from Direct Current Cables Hutchison, Z., Sigray, P., He, H., Gill, A., King, J., Gibson, C. Report Marine Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Clark, S., McCrea, M., Bull, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of EMF emissions from undersea electric cables on coral reef fish Kilfoyle, A., Jermain, R., Dhanak, M., Huston, J., Spieler, R. Journal Article EMF Fish
Assessment of Potential Impact of Electromagnetic Fields from Undersea Cable on Migratory Fish Behavior Kavet, R., Wyman, M., Klimley, A., Vergara, X. Report Marine Energy Attraction, EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Renewable Energy in situ Power Cable Observation Love, M., Nishimoto, M., Clark, S., Bull, A. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
MaRVEN - Environmental Impacts of Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions from Marine Renewable Energy Thomsen, F., Gill, A., Kosecka, M., Andersson, M., André, M., Degraer, S., Folegot, T., Gabriel, J., Judd, A., Neumann, T., Norro, A., Risch, D., Sigray, P., Wood, D., Wilson, B. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, EMF
Potential interactions between diadromous fishes of U.K. conservation importance and the electromagnetic fields and subsea noise from marine renewable energy developments Gill, A., Bartlett, M., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish
The ability of a benthic elasmobranch to discriminate between biological and artificial electric fields Kimber, J., Sims, D., Bellamy, P., Gill, A. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
COWRIE 2.0 Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Phase 2: EMF Sensitive Fish Response to EM Emissions from Sub-sea Electricity Cables of the Type used by the Offshore Renewable Energy Industry Gill, A., Huang, Y., Gloyne-Philips, I., Metcalfe, J., Quayle, V., Spencer, J., Wearmouth, V. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Sub-Sea Power Cables And The Migration Behaviour Of The European Eel Langenfelt, I., Westerberg, H. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Displaying 1 - 31 of 31 results