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- Chou et al.
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising membrane process to harvest the vast amount of free energy from the mixing of fresh and salty waters without adverse environmental impacts. A competent membrane for PRO should possess the features of high water permeability to allow water permeation, excellent salt rejection to maintain the osmotic driving force, low structure parameter to…
- Długołęcki et al.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a non-polluting, sustainable technology used to generate energy by mixing water streams with different salinity. The key components in a RED system are the ion exchange membranes. This paper evaluates the potential of commercially available anion and cation exchange membranes for application in RED. Different membrane properties and characterization methods are…
- Yip and Elimelech
The Gibbs free energy of mixing dissipated when fresh river water flows into the sea can be harnessed for sustainable power generation. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is one of the methods proposed to generate power from natural salinity gradients. In this study, we carry out a thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of PRO work extraction. First, we present a reversible thermodynamic…
- Ye et al.
Salinity gradients are a vast and untapped energy resource. For every cubic meter of freshwater that mixes with seawater, approximately 0.65 kW h of theoretically recoverable energy is lost. For coastal wastewater treatment plants that discharge to the ocean, this energy, if recovered, could power the plant. The mixing entropy battery (MEB) uses battery electrodes to convert salinity gradient…
- Ortega et al.
In order to implement osmotic power as a renewable energy source it is necessary to take into account the site-specific characteristics of any river mouth location where a project is proposed. This includes the salinity structure, inter- and intra-annual flow variations, ecological and social restrictions of the flow extraction, among others. Using the case of a location with suitable…
- Maisonneuve et al.
A model for pressure-retarded osmotic (PRO) power systems is described. The model considers several non-ideal phenomena including internal and external concentration polarization, local variation due to mass transfer, pressure losses along membrane surfaces and other losses throughout the system. This provides an overview of many of the major dynamics that must be considered in PRO power…
- Naghiloo et al.
Osmotic energy is one of the renewable energies. This osmotic energy source is easily obtainable all over the world where river water flows into the ocean or sea. In this article, Bahmanshir River in Iran which falls into the Persian Gulf was considered as selected place for modeling and design of 25 MW osmotic power plant in PRO method. Results indicates that for a 15 year return on…
- Sharma et al.
The mixing process of fresh water and seawater releases a significant amount of energy and is a potential source of renewable energy. The so called ‘blue energy’ or salinity-gradient energy can be harvested by a device consisting of carbon electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution, based on the principle of capacitive double layer expansion (CDLE). In this study, we have investigated the…
- Salamanca et al.
The Magdalena River mouth in Colombia is studied as a candidate site for a renewable power plant via osmotic energy technology, using pressure retarded osmosis. This power generation plant would operate through the controlled mix of two flows with different salinities (river water and seawater in this case study). A preliminary design of a pressure retarded osmosis power plant is proposed here…
- Nagy et al.
Applying the solute fluxes given for every single transport layer, namely external boundary layers, selective-, and the support layer, and even the cake layer, new expressions were developed to define the overall mass transfer coefficient and the interface solute concentrations. These equations make possible much deeper investigation of the mass transport process and process efficiency in…
- Touati et al.
The integration of Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) with Seawater Reverse Osmosis is studied here in terms of energy recovery and changes of effluents. For this, two alternative integration designs are evaluated: one-stage PRO and a proposed two-stage PRO. For both designs the analysis is carried out without using external impaired water flows. The results show better performance of the…
- Ashly and Fernandes
Discharge from the desalination plants of Kuwait returns brines of high salinity to the Gulf that contain other contaminants, such as chlorine or chromium, impacting the environment of the coastal region. Conversely, wastewater discharges to the Gulf have low salinity but may drive eutrophication of coastal waters. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising source of renewable energy and…
- Chen et al.
This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking scheme for efficient and speedy extraction of maximum power from a pressure retarded osmosis process subject to rapid salinity variation. The scheme is designed using the Whale Optimization with Differential Evolution algorithm, a nature-inspired metaheuristic technique. The algorithm has facilitated the developed maximum power point…
- Wang et al.
Reverse osmosis (RO) has been widely used as a dominant desalination technology to produce fresh water from seawater (SW), but still consumes huge energy. To reduce the energy consumption of RO, pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been developed to extract osmotic energy from RO brine. In this study, the PRO process is optimized for efficient energy recovery from RO brine via one system/module…
- Wan and Chung
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology to reduce the specific energy consumption of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant. In this study, it is projected that 25.6–40.7 million kW h/day of energy can be recovered globally, if the brines from SWRO are used as the draw solution and diluted to the seawater level in a PRO system. Detailed integrated SWRO–PRO processes are…
- Wang and Chung
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology to reduce the specific energy consumption and the operating expenditure of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant. In this study, a simple analytical PRO model is developed to predict the PRO performance as the dilution of draw solutions occurs. The model can predict the PRO performance with a high accuracy without carrying out…
- Panyor
World economic growth is strictly linkedto the global energyavailability. Main energy sources currently are not renewable and also are limited, while nuclear fusion is still being tested and time needed for its industrialization can not be estimated yet. Economy, therefore, will require a rising production of renewable energies. Potential of traditional renewable energies suchas wind and water…
- Naguib et al.
The chemical potential difference of two liquids with dissimilar salinities can produce electrical energy using salinity gradient power (SGP). The pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) concept can be used to generate SGP across a semi-permeable membrane. This work describes a mathematical model for evaluating PRO processes at both the bench scale and the commercial scale. The effect of concentration…
- Lee et al.
Water scarcity as a result of increasing population and limited fresh water sources, especially in certain part of the world, have developed an increasing demand for the seawater desalination. Among various desalination techniques, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has become the most sought for technology due to its lower energy consumption over conventional distillation techniques, including…
- Touati and Schiestel
The possibility of using osmotic energy as renewable energy source is discussed here, and some experimental results at realistic operating conditions are presented. It is shown how a membrane-based PRO system could transform osmotic energy of seawater into electricity aided by river or wastewater. This process mainly requires novel membranes, currently in development: some of these membranes…
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