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Update on the current state of knowledge on the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in the OSPAR Region: 2019-2022

Abstract

The Dutch ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality has commissioned Bureau Waardenburg to update a literature review on the effects of offshore wind on birds. This review follows up on an earlier review and covers peer-reviewed literature since the end of 2019 up until mid-2022 and the most relevant grey literature for the topics dealt with.