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Store Middelgrund Monopile Removal: How Far Can Sound Emissions from Decommissioning Impact on the Harbour Porpoise?

Abstract

The first large scale decommissioning projects of offshore wind farms are planned in Europe in the coming 5 years. The underwater sound generated during the decommissioning phase of offshore wind farms remains poorly understood due to the limited number of such projects conducted to date. Nevertheless, activities associated with decommissioning have the potential to impact marine life. This study is the first to present acoustic effect ranges from decommissioning activities associated with the removal of a 1.8 m diameter monopile by abrasive cutting and assessing their potential impact on the harbour porpoise.

Two JASCO Multi-Channel Acoustic Recorders, equipped with two hydrophones, were deployed for ~10 days in November 2024. The potential impact ranges on relevant marine fauna calculated for three key operations were studied: jacking-up of the vessel, dredging down-the-hole and cutting. The permanent threshold shift onset threshold was never exceeded by any of the operations. Both dredging and cutting exceeded the VHF weighted temporary threshold shift (TTS, LE = 153 dB re 1 μPa2 s according to Southall et al. (2019) and 161 dB re 1 μPa2 s according to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).