The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type Sort descending | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Other Environmental Issues of Wind Energy Development: Aesthetics, Cultural Resources, Land Use Compatibility, Water Resources, and Site Restoration | Walker, R.; Swift, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | ||
Visual Impact Assessment for Offshore Wind Farms Along the Cantabrian Coast | Lopez-Uriarte, J.; Lizcano, P.; Manchado, C.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Intervisibility Analysis of an Offshore Wind Farm Using GIS Tools | Errico, A.; Guastaferro, F.; Oliviero, C.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Marine Renewable Energy and Environmental Interactions: Baseline Assessments of Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles and Benthic Communities on the Oregon Shelf | Henkel, S.; Suryan, R.; Lagerquist, B. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Birds | ||
Integrated Environmental & Social Sensitivity Mapping: Guidance for Early Offshore Wind Spatial Planning | World Bank Group | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism | ||
Guidelines for Lighting and Marking of Structures Supporting Renewable Energy Development | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Lighting | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
An Indicator to Objectively Quantify the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Evaluating the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Maslov, N.; Claramunt, C.; Wang, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Method to Estimate the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Maslov, N.; Claramunt, C.; Wang, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
NEPA Review of Offshore Wind Farms: Ensuring Emission Reduction Benefits Outweigh Visual Impacts | Bisbee, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
An Integrated Visual Impact Assessment Model for Offshore Windfarm Development | Depellegrin, D.; Blažauskas, N.; Egarter-Vigl, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Near-Shore Wind Power - Protected Seascapes, Environmentalists' Attitudes, and the Technocratic Planning Perspective | Wolsink, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | ||
Public acceptance of and heterogeneity in behavioral beach trip responses to offshore wind farm development in Catalonia (Spain) | Voltaire, L.; Koutchade, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts | ||
The effect of offshore wind power projects on recreational beach use on the east coast of the United States: Evidence from contingent-behavior data | Parsons, G.; Firestone, J.; Yan, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts | ||
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Assessing the potential areas for developing offshore wind energy in Japanese territorial waters considering national zoning and possible social conflicts | Obane, H.; Nagai, Y.; Asano, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | ||
Development of a Video Trawl Survey System for New England Groundfish | DeCelles, G.; Keiley, E.; Lowery, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Uncharted waters: Exploring coastal recreation impacts, coping behaviors, and attitudes towards offshore wind energy development in the United States | Ferguson, M.; Evensen, D.; Ferguson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Assessment of the visual impact of offshore wind farms | Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Papadopoulos, S.; Tsoutsos, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Do views of offshore wind energy detract? A hedonic price analysis of the Block Island wind farm in Rhode Island | Dong, L.; Lang, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches | Wochner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Categorizing Active Marine Acoustic Sources Based on Their Potential to Affect Marine Animals | Ruppel, C.; Weber, T.; Staaterman, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Tourists are people too: Nonresidents’ values, beliefs, and acceptance of a nearshore wind farm | Bidwell, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Getting to 30 GW by 2030: Visual preferences of coastal residents for offshore wind farms on the US East Coast | Cranmer, A.; Broughel, A.; Ericson, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Over the sea and far away? A consideration of the planning, politics and public perception of offshore wind farms | Haggett, C. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | ||
Valuation of Ecological and Amenity Impacts of an Offshore Windfarm as a Factor in Marine Planning | Börger, T.; Hooper, T.; Austen, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Offshore wind power development as affected by seascape values on the German North Sea coast | Gee, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | ||
The economics of visual disamenity reductions of offshore wind farms—Review and suggestions from an emerging field | Ladenburg, J.; Lutzeyer, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Offshore Wind Turbine Visibility and Visual Impact Threshold Distances | Sullivan, R.; Kirchler, L.; Cothren, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Sustainability and tourism: the effect of the United States’ first offshore wind farm on the vacation rental market | Carr-Harris, A.; Lang, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions | ||
Steel forests or smoke stacks: the politics of visualisation in the Cape Wind controversy | Phadke, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Wind in the sails or choppy seas?: People-place relations, aesthetics and public support for the United States’ first offshore wind project | Firestone, J.; Bidwell, D.; Gardner, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Offshore wind farms in Southern Europe – Determining tourist preference and social acceptance | Westerberg, V.; Jacobsen, J.; Lifran, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions | ||
Predicting the visual impact of onshore wind farms via landscape indices: A method for objectivizing planning and decision processes | Sklenicka, P.; Zouhar, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Integration criteria of offshore wind farms in the landscape: Viewpoints of local inhabitants | Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Tsoutsos, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
The implications of landscape visual impact on future highly renewable power systems: a case study for Great Britain | Price, J.; Mainzer, K.; Petrovic, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Visual Impacts | ||
A glimpse into energy tourism via application of eye-tracking technology | Liu, D.; Upchurch, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts | ||
Estimating the distribution and relative density of satellite-tagged loggerhead sea turtles in the western North Atlantic using geostatistical mixed effects models | Winton, M.; Fay, G.; Haas, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Assessing the Relationship between Sea Turtle Strandings and Anthropogenic Impacts in Taiwan | Chou, W.; Wu, P.; Li, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
The Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Coastal Tourists’ Behaviors in South Korea | Oh, C.; Nam, J.; Kim, H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Wind Energy Plants and Possible Effects on Samandağ Sea Turtles | Yalçın-Özdilek, S.; Yalçın, S. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Reptiles | |
Risks to Birds and Wildlife from Offshore Wind Farms: BOEMRE NC Task Force | Peterson, C. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 | Sullivan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Protected Species Observer Technical Report for the Ørsted New England IHA, BOEM Lease Areas OCS-A 0486, OCS-A 0487, and OCS-A 0500; 2019–2020 | Smultea, M.; Haase, P.; Hartin, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project | ESS Group Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast | Kaplan, B.; Beegle-Krause, C.; McCay, D.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions |
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