Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Site wind right: Identifying low-impact wind development areas in the Central United States Hise, C.; Obermeyer, B.; Ahlering, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Co-existence in practice: a collaborative study of the effects of the Westermost Rough offshore wind development on the size distribution and catch rates of a commercially important lobster (Homarus gammarus) population Roach, M.; Revill, A.; Johnson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community Voet, H.; van Colen, C.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
The reef effect induced by wind farms and their grid connection Couturier, L.; Lecaillon, G.; Lenfant, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Scour and Cable Protection Decommissioning Study Peritus International Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Benthic Disturbance from Offshore Wind Foundations, Anchors, and Cables SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Spatialized ecological network analysis for ecosystem-based management: effects of climate change, marine renewable energy, and fishing on ecosystem functioning in the Bay of Seine Noguès, Q.; Araignous, E.; Bourdaud, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Fisheries
Bat Impact Assessment: Latrodex Wind Energy Facility Dippenaar, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment
A scientific study recommends excluding and moving offshore wind farms away from the protected areas in the Mediterranean Universitat de Barcelona; University of Girona Magazine Article Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A risk-based method to prioritize cumulative impacts assessment on marine biodiversity and research policy for offshore wind farms in France Brignon, J.; Lejart, M.; Nexer, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Incorporating Climate Uncertainty into Conservation Planning for Wildlife Managers Wilkening, J.; Magness, D.; Harrington, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Better utilisation and transparency of bird data collected by powerline companies Kettel, E.; Thaxter, C.; Oppel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates Popper, A.; Hice-Dunton, L.; Jenkins, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Impact of innovation in renewable energy generation, transmission, or distribution-related technologies on carbon dioxide emission in the USA You, C.; Khattak, S.; Ahmad, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Material consumption and environmental impact of wind turbines in the USA and globally Farina, A.; Anctil, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Preliminary Data Aggregation and Analysis of the Effects on Fish, Marine Mammals, and other Marine Organisms, and the Habitats that Support them, from a Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington Severy, M.; Overhus, D.; Tugade, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Visual Impacts
Optimizing Shellfish Aquaculture for Multi-Use Spaces Within Offshore Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea Paulson, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, Volume 3—Benthic Habitat Characterization Offshore Morro Bay, California Cochrane, G.; Kuhnz, L.; Gilbane, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Programme for the Installation and Operation of the Offshore Wind Farm of up to 700 MW Installed Capacity in Lithuania’s Marine Territory Public Institution Coastal Research and Planning Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Perception of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms in Agricultural Areas of Northeast Brazil Sobrinho Junior, M.; Hernandez, M.; Amora, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment
Commercial and Research Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf of the New York Bight Final Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-H: Benthic Monitoring Plan Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Zottoli, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore North Carolina Draft Supplemental Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The uncertain future of the Norway lobster fisheries in the North Sea calls for new management strategies Letschert, J.; Stollberg, N.; Rambo, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
The Influence of Policy Risk on Swiss Wind Power Investment Broughel, A.; Wüstenhagen, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
The contribution of ocean-based solutions to carbon reduction in China Feng, C.; Ye, G.; Jiang, Q.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Activity Pattern and Correlation between Bat and Insect Abundance at Wind Turbines in South Sweden de Jong, J.; Millon, L.; Håstad, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Invertebrates
Renewable energy and biological conservation in a changing world Jager, H.; Efroymson, R.; McManamay, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change
In search of wind farm sustainability on the Yucatan coast: Deficiencies and public perception of Environmental Impact Assessment in Mexico Zárate-Toledo, E.; Wood, P.; Patiño, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
GPS tracking data can document wind turbine interactions: Evidence from a GPS-tagged Eurasian curlew Jiguet, F.; Schwemmer, P.; Rousseau, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats, Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, Volume 2: Fault and Shallow Geohazard Analysis Offshore Morro Bay Walton, M.; Paull, C.; Cochrane, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Berwick Bank Wind Farm Offshore Scoping Report RPS group Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs Dufour, P.; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.; Lavergne, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Cumulative impacts of wind farms on the North Sea ecosystem Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; van der Wal, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey Tercan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Addressing underwater noise in Europe: Current state of knowledge and future priorities. Thomsen, F.; Mendes, S.; Bertucci, F.; et al. Book Wind Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Diverse ocean noise classification using deep learning Mishachandar, B.; Vairamuthu, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Design, production, and validation of the biological and structural performance of an ecologically engineered concrete block mattress: A Nature-Inclusive Design for shoreline and offshore construction Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
The Design, Production and Validation of the Biological and Structural Performance of an Ecologically Engineered Concrete Block Mattress – A Nature Inclusive Design for Shoreline and Offshore construction Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Integration of sustainability, stakeholder and process approaches for sustainable offshore wind farm decommissioning Spielmann, V.; Brey, T.; Dannheim, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
User Reporting and AHP to Investigate the Perception and Social Acceptance of Wind Energy Sangiorgio, V.; Vargas, L.; Fatiguso, F.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; Volwater, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Distance-Based Sampling Methods for Assessing the Ecological Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Synthesis and Application to Fisheries Resource Studies Methratta, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic Davies, T.; Carneiro, A.; Tarzia, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment

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