The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type Sort descending | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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The Life-Cycle Energy and Environmental Emissions of a Typical Offshore Wind Farm in China | Yang, J.; Chang, Y.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions | |
Environmental Impacts of Balancing Offshore Wind Power with Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) | Bouman, E.; Øberg, M.; Hertwich, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
A Life Cycle Co-Benefits Assessment of Wind Power in China | Xue, B.; Ma, Z.; Geng, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Is EIA Part of the Wind Power Planning Problem? | Smart, D.; Stojanovic, T.; Warren, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Wind Energy Planning: Lessons from the United Kingdom and Germany | Phylip-Jones, J.; Fischer, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Energy Performances and Life Cycle Assessment of an Italian Wind Farm | Ardente, F.; Beccali, M.; Cellura, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds | Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Consequential Environmental System Analysis of Expected Offshore Wind Electricity Production in Germany | Pehnt, M.; Oeser, M.; Swider, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Assessing the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Wind Power: A Review of Present Knowledge and Research Needs | Arvesen, A.; Hertwich, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment for Onshore Windfarm Siting in Greece | Vagiona, D.; Karapangiotiduou, X. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Life Cycle Assessment of the Offshore Wind Farm Alpha Ventus | Wagner, H.; Baack, C.; Eickelkamp, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
How loud is the underwater noise from operating offshore wind turbines? | Tougaard, J.; Hermannsen, L.; Madsen, P. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Synthesizing expert opinion to assess the at-sea risks to seabirds in the western North Atlantic | Lieske, D.; Tranquilla, L.; Ronconi, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review | Ren, Z.; Verma, A.; Li, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Vietnam’s Policy for Promoting Offshore Wind Power and Environmental Impact Assessment | Son, N.; Gam, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy | ||
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Life cycle assessment and net energy analysis of offshore wind power systems | Huang, Y.; Gan, X.; Chiueh, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Life cycle assessment of an offshore grid interconnecting wind farms and customers across the North Sea | Arvesen, A.; Nes, R.; Huertas-Hernando, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Comparison Analysis of Blade Life Cycles of Land-Based and Offshore Wind Power Plants | Tomporowski, A.; Pieasecka, I.; Flizikowski, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use | Fleck, B.; Huot, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Environmental impacts of decommissioning: Onshore versus offshore wind farms | Hall, R.; João, E.; Knapp, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Sustainable energy planning for remote islands and the waste legacy from renewable energy infrastructure deployment | Kouloumpis, V.; Yan, X. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | |
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generated by Offshore Wind Farms | Reimers, B.; Özdirik, B.; Kaltschmitt, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life | Mello, G.; Dias, M.; Robaina, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Life cycle assessment of the use of decommissioned wind blades in second life applications | Nagle, A.; Mullally, G.; Leahy, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Life cycle assessment of floating offshore wind farms: An evaluation of operation and maintenance | Garcia-Teruel, A.; Rinaldi, G.; Thies, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Environmental Impact Assessment for the decommissioning of offshore wind farms | Hall, R.; Topham, E.; João, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales | Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Does galvanic cathodic protection by aluminum anodes impact marine organisms? | Bell, A.; von der Au, M.; Regnery, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental impact assessment framework for offshore wind energy developments based on the marine Good Environmental Status | Abramic, A.; Cordero-Penin, V.; Haroun, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Impacts generated by the materials used in offshore wind technology on Human Health, Natural Environment and Resources | Rueda-Bayona, J.; Eras, J.; Chaparro, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review | Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets | de Vasconcelos, R.; Silva, L.; Gonzalez, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Green development strategy of offshore wind farm in China guided by life cycle assessment | Chen, J.; Mao, B.; Wu, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals | Huang, L-F.; Xu, X-M.; Yang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Strengthening the Role of Science in Marine Governance through Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case Study of the Marine Renewable Energy Industry | Wright, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Life cycle cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy under the climatic conditions in Southeast Asia - Setting the bottom-line for deployment | Nian, V.; Liu, Y.; Zhong, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Underwater Noise Modelling for Environmental Impact Assessment | Farcas, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Life-cycle green-house gas emissions of onshore and offshore wind turbines | Wang, S.; Jinxiang, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Consideration of scales in offshore wind environmental impact assessments | Ryan, K.; Danylchuk, A.; Jordaan, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
GHG emissions and energy performance of offshore wind power | Raadal, H.; Vold, B.; Myhr, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions | ||
Reconversion of offshore oil and gas platforms into renewable energy sites production: Assessment of different scenarios | Leporini, M.; Marchetti, B.; Corvaro, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Retrospective and Outlook for an Environmentally Sound Development of Offshore Wind Energy | Lüdeke, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Vitamine ENA: A framework for the development of ecosystem-based indicators for decision makers | Safi, G.; Giebels, D.; Arroyo, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
External Effects of Renewable Energy Projects: Life Cycle Analysis-based Approach | Salnikova, A.; Chepurko, Y.; Starkova, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions | ||
Impacts of offshore wind power development on China's marine economy and environment: A study from 2006 to 2019 | Liu, G.; Kong, Z.; Sun, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Towards Digital Twins of the Oceans: The Potential of Machine Learning for Monitoring the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Environments | Schneider, J.; Klüner, A.; Zielinski, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Integration of sustainability, stakeholder and process approaches for sustainable offshore wind farm decommissioning | Spielmann, V.; Brey, T.; Dannheim, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
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