The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Life on every stone: Characterizing benthic communities from scour protection layers of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea | Zupan, M.; Coolen, J.; Mavraki, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of multi-use of marine space: A comparative analysis of offshore wind energy and mussel farming in the Belgian Continental Shelf with terrestrial alternatives | De Luca Pena, L.; Bas, B.; Dewulf, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Collaboration or competition? Interactions between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind in Norway | Havinga, H.C.; Adriaan van der Loos, H.Z.; Steen, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Wind farms increase land surface temperature and reduce vegetation productivity in the Inner Mongolia Plateau | Liu, L.; Liu, P.; Yu, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Analysis of the Impact of Wind Farm Construction on the Marine Environment | Lazuga, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
Sailing through end-of-life challenges: A comprehensive review for offshore wind | Vetters, J.; Thomassen, G.; Van Passel, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions | ||
Trade-offs of wind power production: A study on the environmental implications of raw materials mining in the life cycle of wind turbines | Morozovska, K.; Bragone, F.; Svensson, A.X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Climate and air quality benefits of wind and solar generation in the United States from 2019 to 2022 | Millstein, D.; O'Shaughnessy, E.; Wiser, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | ||
Global Review on Environmental Impacts of Onshore Wind Energy in the Field of Tension between Human Societies and Natural Systems | Sander, L.; Jung, C.; Schindler, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
Integrated Environmental & Social Sensitivity Mapping: Guidance for Early Offshore Wind Spatial Planning | World Bank Group | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism | ||
Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms | Uribe, M.; Aguilera, J.; Villada-Canela, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
How to restore ecological impacts from wind energy? An assessment of Zhongying Wind Farm through MSPA-MCR model and circuit theory | Guan, J.; Hu, J.; Li, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Physical Environment | ||
Quantifying land impacts of wind energy: a regional-scale assessment in Finland | Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Byholm, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment | |
Fisheries independent surveys in a new era of offshore wind energy development | Lipsky, A.; Silva, A.; Gilmour, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Developing onshore wind farms in Aotearoa New Zealand: carbon and energy footprints | Pincelli, I.; Hinkley, J.; Brent, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Modeling the impact of floating offshore wind turbines on marine food webs in the Gulf of Lion, France | Adge, M.; Lobry, J.; Tessier, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring | Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Site selection within the maritime spatial planning: Insights from use-cases on aquaculture, offshore wind energy and aggregates extraction | Abramic, A.; Mendoza, A.; Cordero-Penin, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Whose Expertise and Whose Knowledge Matter? Influencing Wind Power Decisions in Norway | Bonvik-Stone, D.; Lykke, K.V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | ||
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals | Dobson, T.; Lenchine, V.; Bainbridge, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Sustainable energy adoption in poor rural areas: A comparative case perspective from the Philippines | Franco, M. A. J.; Taeihagh, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
How do residents perceive energy-producing kites? Comparing the community acceptance of an airborne wind energy system and a wind farm in Germany | Schmidt, H.; Leschinger, V.; Müller, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Offshore wind energy and fisheries: Sustainable development goals, enterprise practices, and fishermen's perspectives | Lin, C.; Lee, H.; Hsu, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts | Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
Numerical and experimental study of the effects of wind turbine operation on sand-dust transport characteristics | Ma, G.; Ye Li, H. H.; Li, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | ||
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Watson, S.; Somerfield, P.; Lemasson, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Ecological indicators to monitor offshore wind interactions with fisheries resources | Methratta, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Life cycle carbon footprint accounting of an offshore wind farm in Southeast China—Simplified models and carbon benchmarks for typhoons | Sun, Z.; You, X. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Environmental impacts of carbon fiber production and decarbonization performance in wind turbine blades | Zhang, S.; Gan, J.; Lv, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions | ||
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review | Ze, J.; Xiuchun, Y.; Ang, C. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Carbon footprint and energy life cycle assessment of wind energy industry in Libya | Nassar, Y.; El-Khozondar, H.; El-Osta, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
Mapping the planet’s critical areas for biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people | Neugarten, R.; Chaplin-Kramer, R.; Sharp, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions | ||
Using fisheries-dependent data to investigate landings of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm | Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Moore, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Conditions for just offshore wind energy: Addressing the societal challenges of the North Sea wind industry | Skjølsvold, T.; Heidenreich, S.; Henriksen, I.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
The effect of offshore wind farms on the variation of the phytoplankton population | Kordan, M.; Yakan, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Co-location of fisheries and offshore wind farms: Current practices and enabling conditions in the North Sea | Bonsu, P.; Letschert, J.; Yates, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
Do concerns about wind farms blow over with time? Residents’ acceptance over phases of project development and proximity | le Maitre, J.; Ryan, G.; Power, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Monetized (socio-)environmental handprint and footprint of an offshore windfarm in the Belgian Continental Shelf: An assessment of local, regional and global impacts | De Luca Pena, L.; Taelman, S. E.; Bas, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Fine-scale collision risk mapping and validation with long-term mortality data reveal current and future wind energy development impact on sensitive species | Morant, J.; Arrondo, E.; Zapata, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Norwegian offshore wind power—Spatial planning using multi-criteria decision analysis | Solbrekke, I. M.; Sorteberg, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Stakeholder insights into embedding marine net gain for offshore wind farm planning and delivery | Edwards-Jones, A.; Watson, S.C.L.; Szostek, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Predicting commercial wind farm site suitability in the conterminous United States using a logistic regression model | Wimhurst, J.; Greene, J.; Koch, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning |
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