The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades | Weiser, E.; Overton, C.; Douglas, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Waterfowl | |
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Fine-scale collision risk mapping and validation with long-term mortality data reveal current and future wind energy development impact on sensitive species | Morant, J.; Arrondo, E.; Zapata, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
EolPop, a R-shiny tool for quantifying the demographic impact of species exposed to fatalities: Application to bird collisions with wind turbines | Chambert, T.; Duriez, O.; Deleaux, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Behavioral responses to offshore windfarms during migration of a declining shorebird species revealed by GPS-telemetry | Schwemmer, P.; Mercker, M.; Haecker, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Assessing potential conflicts between offshore wind farms and migration patterns of a threatened shorebird species | Schwemmer, P.; Pederson, R.; Haecker, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Sensitivity analysis of collision risk at wind turbines based on flight altitude of migratory waterbirds | Kamata, T.; Sato, H.; Mukai, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Protecting avian wildlife for wind farm siting: The Screening Tool Proof of Concept | Salkanovic, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Birds vs. wind power – significant bird impacts of wind turbines in Finnish environmental impact assessment reports | Hagman, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
Using expert knowledge to identify key threats and conservation strategies for wildlife: A case study with bats in China | Gao, H.; Xiang, Z.; He, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | |
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa | Docrat, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore wind farms are projected to impact primary production and bottom water deoxygenation in the North Sea | Daewel, U.; Akhtar, N.; Christiensen, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind turbine wakes can impact down-wind vegetation greenness | Diffendorfer, J.; Vanderhoof, M.; Ancona, Z. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
National-scale impacts on wind energy production under curtailment scenarios to reduce bat fatalities | Maclaurin, G.; Hein, C.; Williams, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life | Mello, G.; Dias, M.; Robaina, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Monitoring of Spring Bird Migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2022 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Glider study at Hywind Scotland | Ramasco, V. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Site wind right: Identifying low-impact wind development areas in the Central United States | Hise, C.; Obermeyer, B.; Ahlering, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2021-2022 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species | Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Bat Impact Assessment: Latrodex Wind Energy Facility | Dippenaar, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II | Austrheim, E.; Dahlgren, T.; Handberg, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species: FY15 – FY19 | Palka, D.; Aichinger Dias, L.; Broughton, E.; et al. | Report | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
BirdLife Position on Renewable Energy at Sea and nature conservation | BirdLife International | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The Maritime Environment Impact Assessment of Offshore Floating Wind Power in Ulsan - A Focus on Habitat Equivalence Analysis | Choi, S-Y.; Moon, B-S.; Kim, T-G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model | Roman, P.; Salinas, C.; Araujo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight | Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The biodiversity-wind energy-land use nexus in a global biodiversity hotspot | Kati, V.; Kassara, C.; Vrontisi, Z.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas | Nopp-Mayr, U.; Kunz, F.; Suppan, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts | |
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines | ROSA | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2020-2021 | Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
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