The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Guideline for underwater noise: Installation of impact or vibratory driven piles | Danish Energy Agency | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Offshore Grid Connection Pathway – Phase 2 | Commission for Regulation of Utilities | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Assessment of Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Facilities on the Marine Environment | Müller, A.; Juretzek, C.; Boethling, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
Veileder for arealtildeling, konsesjonsprosess og søknader for vindkraft til havs | Ministry of Energy, Norway | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | ||
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 | Sullivan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2023 | The Crown Estate | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2021 | The Crown Estate | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
Risk Assessment for Marine Vessel Traffic and Wind Energy Development in the Atlantic | Copping, A.; Breithaupt, S.; Tagestad, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Navigation, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Cool Rationalities and Hot Air: A Rhetorical Approach to Understanding Debates on Renewable Energy | Barry, J.; Ellis, G.; Robinson, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
An Indicator to Objectively Quantify the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Thinking Globally and Siting Locally - Renewable Energy and Biodiversity in a Rapidly Warming World | Allison, T.; Root, T.; Frumhoff, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | ||
An Overview of Offshore Wind Energy Resources in Europe Under Present and Future Climate | deCastro, M.; Costoya, X.; Salvador, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | ||
Offshore Wind Energy Development Site Assessment and Characterization: Evaluation of the Current Status and European Experience | Rein, C.; Lundin, A.; Wilson, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Evaluating the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Maslov, N.; Claramunt, C.; Wang, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
ORECCA European Offshore Renewable Energy Roadmap | Jeffrey, H.; Sedgwick, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Improving Efficiencies of National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Facilities - Case Studies Report | English, P.; Mason, T.; Backstrom, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Method to Estimate the Visual Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm | Maslov, N.; Claramunt, C.; Wang, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Achieving Blue Growth through Maritime Spatial Planning: Offshore Wind Energy Optimization and Biodiversity Conservation in Spain | RodrÃguez-RodrÃguez, D.; Malak, D.; Soukissian, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes | ||
Standard Investigation of the Impacts of Offshore Wind Turbines on the Marine Environment (StUK4) | German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Current situation of offshore development in Germany and environmentally sound expansion of offshore wind energy | van Leusen, S. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
NEPA Review of Offshore Wind Farms: Ensuring Emission Reduction Benefits Outweigh Visual Impacts | Bisbee, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | ||
Other Environmental Issues of Wind Energy Development: Aesthetics, Cultural Resources, Land Use Compatibility, Water Resources, and Site Restoration | Walker, R.; Swift, A. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | ||
An Integrated Visual Impact Assessment Model for Offshore Windfarm Development | Depellegrin, D.; Blažauskas, N.; Egarter-Vigl, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
The Environmental Case for Wind Power in New Jersey | Ridlington, E.; Rusch, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change | ||
Ocean Management & Planning in the United States: From Competition to Cooperation | Heimes, R. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Ocean Planning and the Gulf of Maine: Exploring Bi-National Policy Options | Fanning, L.; Heimes, R. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Ireland Offshore Renewable Energy Strategic Action Plan 2012 - 2020 | UK Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Near-Shore Wind Power - Protected Seascapes, Environmentalists' Attitudes, and the Technocratic Planning Perspective | Wolsink, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions | ||
Offshore Wind Power Policy and Planning in Sweden | Söderholm, P.; Pettersson, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Perceived Concerns and Possible Management Strategies for Governing 'Wind-Farm Mariculture Integration' | Michler-Cieluch, T.; Krause, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Social & Economic Data, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Permitting and Leasing for Marine Offshore Wind Energy Projects | Thaler, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Extensive Open Ocean Aquaculture Development Within Wind Farms in Germany: The Prospect of Offshore Co-Management and Legal Constraints | Buck, B.; Krause, G.; Rosenthal, H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Visual Impact Assessment for Offshore Wind Farms Along the Cantabrian Coast | Lopez-Uriarte, J.; Lizcano, P.; Manchado, C.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions | ||
Future Offshore: A Strategic Framework for the Offshore Wind Industry | UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Marine Scotland Policy Development for Marine Renewables and Offshore Wind Covering Marine Planning and Licensing | Scottish Government | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
A Comparison of Offshore Wind Power Development in Europe and the US: Patterns and Drivers of Development | Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Offshore Renewable Energy Planning in French Law: towards an integrated process? | Boillet. N. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Aligning marine spatial conservation priorities with functional connectivity across maritime jurisdictions | Maina, J.; Gamoyo, M.; Adams, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Case Study: European Offshore Wind Farms - A Survey for the Analysis of the Experiences and Lessons Learnt by Developers of Offshore Wind Farms | Gerdes, G.; Tiedemann, A.; Zeelenberg, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Cumulative Impacts of Wave Energy In Oregon: A Literature and Research Review | Aquatera; Parametrix | Report | Marine Energy, Wave | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Lost (and found) in Transition: Expert stakeholder insights on low-carbon energy transitions in Spain | Sorman, A.; Garcia-Muros, X.; Pizarro-Irizar, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
An Integrated Risk Framework for Gigawatt-Scale Deployments of Renewable Energy: The U.S. Wind Energy Case | Ram, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions | ||
Investing in meshed offshore grids in the Baltic Sea: catching up with the regulatory gap | Bergaentzle, C.; Pade, L.; Larsen, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Public acceptance of and heterogeneity in behavioral beach trip responses to offshore wind farm development in Catalonia (Spain) | Voltaire, L.; Koutchade, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts | ||
The global climate value of offshore wind energy | Cranmer, A.; Baker, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Social & Economic Data | ||
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Interim Guidance on apportioning impacts from marine renewable developments to breeding seabird populations in SPAs | Scottish Natural Heritage | Guidance | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
The place of the Rochdale envelope approach in offshore renewable energy | Caine, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Managing Offshore Wind Developments in the United States: Legal, Environmental and Social Considerations using a Case Study in Nantucket Sound | Santora, C.; Hade, N.; Odell, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data |
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